an article on climate
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Climate change, periodic modification of Earth’s climate brought about as a result of changes in the atmosphere as well as interactions between the atmosphere and various other geologic, chemical, biological, and geographic factors within the Earth system.
Both its physical properties and its rate and direction of motion are influenced by a variety of factors, including solar radiation, the geographic position of continents, ocean currents, the location and orientation of mountain ranges, atmospheric chemistry, and vegetation growing on the land surface. All these factors change through time.
Geologists and paleontologists in the 19th and early 20th centuries uncovered evidence of massive climatic changes taking place before some 2.6 million years ago. For example, red beds indicated aridity in regions that are now humid.
A full understanding of the Earth system requires knowledge of how the system and its components have changed through time. Earth system history is a diverse and complex science. These experiments provide opportunities to learn the relative influences of and interactions between various components of the Earth system.
Earth system history is a diverse and complex science. These experiments provide opportunities to learn the relative influences of and interactions between various components of the Earth system. Undoubtedly, people have always been aware of climatic variation at the relatively short timescales of seasons, years, and decades. Biblical scripture and other early documents refer to droughts, floods, periods of severe cold, and other climatic events. Naturalists came to recognize geologic and biogeographic evidence that made sense only in the light of past climates radically different from those prevailing today.
Fortunately, climatic change also leaves a variety of signatures in the natural world. Climate influences the growth of trees and corals, the chemistry of oceans and lakes, the accumulation of ice in cold regions, and the erosion and deposition of materials on Earth’s surface.
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