Question

An atom stays in an excited state for how much time

Answer 1

While the Bohr atom described above is a nice way to learn about the structure of atoms, it is not the most accurate way to model them.

Although each orbital does have a precise energy, the electron is now envisioned as being smeared out in an "electron cloud" surrounding the nucleus. It is common to speak of the mean distance to the cloud as the radius of the electron's orbit. So just remember, we'll keep the words "orbit" and "orbital", though we are now using them to describe not a flat orbital plane, but a region where an electron has a probability of being.

Electrons are kept near the nucleus by the electric attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. Kept there in the same way that the nine planets stay near the Sun instead of roaming the galaxy. Unlike the solar system, where all the planets' orbits are on the same plane, electrons orbits are more three-dimensional. Each energy level on an atom has a different shape. There are mathematical equations which will tell you the probability of the electron's location within that orbit.

Let's consider the hydrogen atom, which we already drew a Bohr model of.


Probable locations of the electron in the ground state
of the Hydrogen atom.What you're looking at in these pictures are graphs of the probability of the electron's location. The nucleus is at the center of each of these graphs, and where the graph is lightest is where the electron is most likely to lie. What you see here is sort of a cross section. That is, you have to imagine the picture rotated around the vertical axis. So the region inhabited by this electron looks like a disk, but it should actually be a sphere. This graph is for an electron in its lowest possible energy state, or "ground state."

To the right is an excited state of hydrogen. Notice that at the center, where the nucleus is, the picture is dark, indicating that the electron is unlikely to be there. The two light regions, where the electron is most likely to be found, are really just one region. Remember, you have to mentally rotate this around a vertical axis, so that in three dimensions the light region is really doughnut shaped.

Answer 2

An electron can stay in the excited state for around 10−8 seconds.

How does it stay in its excited state?

• The lifetime of a framework in an energized state is typically short.
• It is unconstrained or prompted outflow of a quantum of energy (like a photon or a phonon)
• It happens soon after the framework is elevated to the excited state, returning the framework to a state with lower energy (a less invigorated state or the ground state).
• An energized iota is unsteady and will in general modify itself to get back to its most reduced energy state.
• At the point when this occurs, the electrons lose some or all of the abundance of energy by radiating light.

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