An electromagnetic wave in vacuum has the electric and magnetic fields and , which are always perpendicular to each other. The direction of polarisation is given by and that of wave propagation by . Then,
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A changing magnetic field will induce a changing electric field and vice-versa—the two are linked. These changing fields form electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves are formed by the vibrations of electric and magnetic fields. These fields are perpendicular to one another in the direction the wave is travelling.
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