Question

Analyze the circumstances that led to the tashkent agreement. Did it achieve its objectives?​

Answer 1

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Tashkent Agreement, (Jan. 10, 1966), accord signed by India’s prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri (who died the next day) and Pakistan’s president Ayub Khan, ending the 17-day war between Pakistan and India of August–September 1965. A cease-fire had been secured by the United Nations Security Council on Sept. 22, 1965.

The agreement was mediated by Soviet premier Aleksey Kosygin, who had invited the parties to Tashkent. The parties agreed to withdraw all armed forces to positions held before Aug. 5, 1965; to restore diplomatic relations; and to discuss economic, refugee, and other questions. The agreement was criticized in India because it did not contain a no-war pact or any renunciation of guerrilla aggression in Kashmir.

Answer 2

Circumstances that led to signing of Tashkent agreement are:

Internal dynamics:

• India was already suffering from the financial constraints after the 1962 war and the 1965 war enhanced it so India had to put an end to this.
• India was suffering from drought and it was a period of food shortage.
• Frequent violation of ceasefire was affecting both the countries
• International dynamics:
• Dynamics changed as Chinese gave support to Pakistan in 1965 to counter India
• USA threatened India to suspend PL 480 food
• Pakistan started the Operation Gibraltar and  Operation Grand Slam- to encourage/support sabotage/guerrilla operations in Kashmir to give an impression of armed rebellion and leading to separation of Kashmir from India.
• Indian forces responded by launching operations against the Pak Army.

UN role:

• It  made hectic efforts to bring an end to the conflict.

Other powers role :

• They did not want this conflict to escalate and drag other countries too.
• The Soviet Union had offered its good offices for a peaceful settlement between the two warring states.

Improvement in India Pakistan relations brings peace, sign of relief for huge population in both countries and also for the effective build up of organizations like SAARC. So there is a need for active discussion between both the countries to resolve border disputes and other issues as well