Question

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Answer 1

Kidney

Vasopressin has three main effects which are

Increasing the water permeability of initial and cortical collecting tubules (ICT & CCT), as well as outer and inner medullary collecting duct (OMCD & IMCD) in the kidney, thus allowing water reabsorption and excretion of more concentrated urine, i.e., antidiuresis. This occurs through increased transcription and insertion of water channels (Aquaporin-2) into the apical membrane of collecting tubule and collecting duct epithelial cells. Aquaporins allow water to move down their osmotic gradient and out of the nephron, increasing the amount of water re-absorbed from the filtrate (forming urine) back into the bloodstream. This effect is mediated by V2 receptors. Vasopressin also increases the concentration of calcium in the collecting duct cells, by episodic release from intracellular stores. Vasopressin, acting through cAMP, also increases transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene, thus increasing the total number of aquaporin-2 molecules in collecting duct cells.[citation needed]

Increasing permeability of the inner medullary portion of the collecting duct to urea by regulating the cell surface expression of urea transporters, which facilitates its reabsorption into the medullary interstitium as it travels down the concentration gradient created by removing water from the connecting tubule, cortical collecting duct, and outer medullary collecting duct.

Acute increase of sodium absorption across the ascending loop of henle. This adds to the countercurrent multiplication which aids in proper water reabsorption later in the distal tubule and collecting duct.

2. ADH is also called arginine vasopressin. It's a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. ... ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood. Higher water concentration increases the volume and pressure of your blood.

3. When diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of ADH, it is called central diabetes insipidus. This form of the disease can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. ... This form of the disease involves a kidney defect that prevents the body from reabsorbing water back into the bloodstream.