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1. Pastoral settlements supported by large herds. These settlements took advantage of large numbers of livestock whose annual reproductive growth was utilized both in sales for consumption needs and in savings of live animals to reinforce livelihood security.
2. A nomad is a person with no settled home, moving from place to place as a way of obtaining food, finding pasture for livestock, or otherwise making a living. when they move from one place to another they attacked my different animal, other nomads or villagers those who don't want that these nomads come to their place, they have a great fight with them. this make them excellent warriors.
3. Urbanization has been underpinned by the rapid growth in the world economy and in the proportion of gross world product and of workers in industrial and service enterprises. Globally, agriculture has met the demands from this rapidly growing urban population, including food that is more energy-, land-, water- and greenhouse gas emission-intensive. so, Trade make them independent farming provide them food to survive.
4.The complexity of a settlement can range from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. Settlements may include hamlets, villages, towns and cities.
Landscape history studies the form (morphology) of settlements – for example whether they are dispersed or nucleated. Urban morphology can thus be considered a special type of cultural-historical landscape studies. Settlements can be ordered by size, centrality or other factors to define a settlement hierarchy. A settlement hierarchy can be used for classifying settlement all over the world, although a settlement called a 'town' in one country might be a 'village' in other countries; or a 'large town' in some countries might be a 'city' in others.
5.When today armed nomadic militia in the west of Sudan go to attack the farmer communities of Darfur, it seems as if an ancient contrast lives on. It does not, however, relate to a conflict concerned with the rivalry of resources between nomadic pastoralism and settled agriculture, but rather to an earlier conflict constellation that arises from former political conditions and this dynamic has resulted in the Sudanese government’s support of Janjaweed bands.