Question

answer all the questions​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. With the Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976, the Preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation.Officially, secularism has always inspired modern India. In practice, unlike Western notions of secularism, India's secularism does not separate religion and state. The Indian Constitution has allowed extensive interference of the state in religious affairs

India does partially separate religion and state. For example, it does not have an official state religion and state-owned educational institutions cannot impart religious instructions. In matters of law in modern India, however, the applicable code of law is unequal, and India's personal laws – on matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, alimony – varies with an individual's religion. Muslim Indians have Sharia-based Muslim Personal Law, while Hindu, Christian and Sikh Indians live under common law. The Indian Constitution permits partial financial support for religious schools, as well as the financing of religious buildings and infrastructure by the state. The Islamic Central Wakf Council and many Hindu temples of great religious significance are administered and managed by the Indian government. The attempt to respect unequal, religious law has created a number of issues in India such as acceptability of child marriage, polygamy, unequal inheritance rights, extra judicial unilateral divorce rights favorable to some males, and conflicting interpretations of religious books.

Secularism as practiced in India, with its marked differences with Western practice of secularism, is a controversial topic in India. Supporters of the Indian concept of secularism claim it respects "minorities and pluralism". Critics claim the Indian form of secularism as "pseudo-secularism". Supporters state that any attempt to introduce a uniform civil code, that is equal laws for every citizen irrespective of his or her religion, would impose majoritarian Hindu sensibilities and ideals.Critics state that India's acceptance of Sharia and religious laws violates the principle of Equality before the law.

2. Indian secularism works in various ways to prevent religious domination:

(I)it uses a strategy of distancing itself from religion.The indian state is not ruled by a religious group.It also does not support any one religion.In our country,govt places like law courts,police stations,govt schools and offices are not supposed to demonstrate or promote any one religion

(ii)The second way in which indian secularism works to prevent the domination of religion is through a strategy of non-interference.This means that in order to respect the sentiments of all religions and not interfere with religious practices,the state make certain exceptions for particular religious communities

(iii)The third way in which Indian securalism works to prevent the domination of religion is through a strategy of intervention

3.The one significant way in which Indian secularism differs from the dominant understanding of secularism as practised in USA This is because unlike the strict separation between religion and the State in American secularism, in Indian secularism the State can intervene in religious affairs,. For example the Indian Constitution intervened in Hindu religious practises in order to abolish untouchability. In Indian secularism, though the state is not strictly separate from religion it does maintain a principled distance vis-a-vis religion.