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Answers
3. Ans • Functions of testis are :
=> It produces the male gamete or spermatozoa by the process of spermatogenesis.
=> It produces the male hormone testosterone which helps in spermatogenesis and development of male characteristics.
• Function of ovary are :
=> It produces the female gamete or the ovum by oogenesis.
=> It produces the female hormone estrogen and progesterone which help develop female characteristics.
4. Ans The production of sperms in the testes takes place in a highly coiled structure called the seminiferous tubules. ... Each seminiferous tubule is lined by germinal epithelium. It is lined on its inner side by two types of cells namely spermatogonia and sertoli cells respectively.
5. Ans Spermatogenesis :- The process of sperm formation from the sperm mother cells of testis ( male gonad ) is called Spermatogenesis
=> It starts at puberty ( 14 - 16 ) years
Process :-
=> Multiplicative phase
=> Growth phase
=> Maturation phase
6. Ans Testosterone
Sertoli cells have receptors for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone which are the main hormonal regulators of spermatogenesis. Hormones such as testosterone, FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) are known to influence the germ cell fate. Their removal induces germ cell apoptosis.
7. Ans Transformation of spermatids into sperm by morphological changes without involving cell division is called as Spermiogenesis The release of mature spermatozoa from the Sertoli cells into the lumen of seminiferous tubules is called as Spermiation.
9. Ans Seminal plasma consists of various biochemical components, such as glucose, cholesterol, proteins, metabolites, intracellular and antioxidant enzymes, mineral elements [1] which are important for sperm function and metabolism
10. Ans The male accessory ducts (vasa efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens, and rete testis) serve to store spermatozoa and to transport them outside urethra during ejaculation. Male accessory glands are seminal vesicles, prostate glands, and bulbourethral glands which contribute seminal plasma to semen.
11. Ans Oogenesis is the production of egg cells inside the ovaries. During foetal development, few germinal cells in human ovary differentiate and divide mitotically to produce egg mother cell/oogonia. Further, oogonia become larger and divide to produce diploid primary oocyte.
