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1. Gas exchange in plants takes place through the stomata which are tiny pore-like openings on the base of the leaf. The gas, carbon dioxide is taken in through the stomata and the gas oxygen is released into the atmosphere.
CLASS ASSIGNMENT 8
1. Xylem and phloem facilitate the transportation of water, minerals and food throughout the plant. Xylem carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. Whereas, phloem carries the food prepared by the leaves to different parts of the plant.
2.
- Arteries:- They carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body's tissues.
- Capillaries:- These small blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. Their thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste to pass to and from cells.
- Veins:- These are blood vessels that take blood back to the heart. They get become larger as they get closer to the heart. The superior vena cava is the large vein that brings blood from the head and arms to the heart, and the inferior vena cava brings blood from the abdomen and legs into the heart.
3.
- Blood brings oxygen and nutrients to all the parts of the body so they can keep working.
- Blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste materials to the lungs, kidneys, and digestive system to be removed from the body.
- Blood also fights infections, and carries hormones around the body.
4. Blood contains a fluid part called plasma and a cellular part comprising of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Plasma contains water, salts and gases.
5. Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body's tissues through the aorta.
6. Most people know that a major function of the kidneys is to remove waste products and excess fluid from the body. These waste products and excess fluid are removed through the urine. The production of urine involves highly complex steps of excretion and re-absorption.
HOME ASSIGNMENT 8
1. It has two main functions: cooling the plant and pumping water and minerals to the leaves for photosynthesis.
2. The terms diastole and systole refer to when the heart muscles relax and contract. The heartbeat is caused by the heart muscles relaxing and contracting. During this cycle, the period of relaxation is called diastole and the period of contraction is called systole.
3. Transportation can be defined as the movement of any substance from one place to another. Water and nutrients required for all metabolic activities should be transported in the body of plants and animals.
4. (a) Red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. Then they make the return trip, taking carbon dioxide back to our lungs to be exhaled.
(b) They flow through your bloodstream to fight viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders that threaten your health.
(c) Form temporary platelet plugs to stop bleeding, Dissolve blood clots when they are no longer needed.
(d) Veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart, where it can be sent to the lungs.
(e) Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Pulmonary arteries transport blood that has a low oxygen content from the right ventricle to the lungs.
5. The heart performs the following important functions:
- The primary function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body.
- It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removes carbon dioxide and wastes from the blood.
- It also helps to maintain adequate blood pressure throughout the body.
- The arteries receive oxygenated blood from the heart and supply it throughout the body. Whereas, the veins carry the deoxygenated blood from all the body parts to the heart for oxygenation.
- The right atrium receives blood from the veins and pumps it to the right ventricle.
- The right ventricle pumps the blood received from the right atrium to the lungs.
- The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
- The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood throughout the body.
CLASS ASSIGNMENT 9
1. Vegetative parts include roots, stems, shoot buds, and leaves.
2. The breaking up of the body of the parent plant in two or more pieces on maturing , each of which subsequently grows to form a new plant, is called fragmentation. The green patches are due to the growth of plant-like organisms called algae. .An alga reproduces by the asexual method of fragmentation.
While, Spores are the asexual reproductive bodies. When the air-borne spores land on food (or soil) under favorable conditions (like damp and warm conditions), they germinate and produce new plants. Most of the fungi, and flowerless plants (such as ferns and mosses) reproduce asexually by means of spores.