Question

Answer in detail: 4x5 =20

1. Name the following:

a) Source of Litmus

b) A layer of soil that could be called D Horizon

c) Seeping of water through soil

d) The part of alimentary canal where villi are found.

e) Biggest part of ruminants stomach.

2. Write down the properties and uses of acids.

3. Explain the terms conduction Convection and radiation.

4. What do you understand by the rate of percolation? Compare the rate of percolation in the

three types of soil.




please tell all answers please help me​

Answer 1

★ Required Answers ★

1.Name the following:

a) Source of Litmus

$➠$ $\sf \red { Lichens }$

Explanation: Litmus is extracted from the lichens which is a type of very small yellowish grey plant.

b) A layer of soil that could be called D Horizon

$➠$ $\sf \red { Bedrock }$

Explanation: Horizon A is called top soil, horizon B is called sub soil, horizon C is called parent rock and horizon D is called bedrock.

➷ Horizon D ➠ It has unbroken solid rock material lying below horizon C.

c) Seeping of water through soil

$➠$ $\sf \red { Percolation \: of \: water}$

d) The part of alimentary canal where villi are found.

$➠$ $\sf \red { Small \: intestine}$

Explanation: Small intestine has finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption are called villi.

Also, the main function of small intestine is absorption.

e) Biggest part of ruminants stomach.

$➠$ $\sf \red { Rumen }$

Explanation: Biggest part of ruminants stomach is rumen and its function is to store a large amount of food.

➷ Smallest part of ruminants stomach is Omasum.

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2. Write down the properties and uses of acids.

$➠$ Properties of acids:–

• They have sour taste.
• They conduct electricity.
• They turn blue litmus to red.
• They have corrosive nature.

Uses of acids :–

• Sulphuric acids are used to make fertilizers.

• Nitric acid is used to make explosives.

• Acetic acid used to preserve food like pickles.

• Hydrochloric acids is used in dye-stuffs.

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3. Explain the terms conduction ,convection and radiation.

$➠$ The answer is as follows :–

• Conduction : The transfer of heat from the hotter region to the colder region within the body is called conduction.

• Convection : The transfer of heat from hotter part to the colder part in liquids and gases by the actual movement of the hot particles is called convection.

• Radiation : The process of the transfer of heat which doesn't require any medium is called radiation.

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4. What do you understand by the rate of percolation? Compare the rate of percolation in the three types of soil.

$➠$ The percolation rate of water in the soil refers to the volume of water in millilitre that passes down the soil per minute.

Rate of percolation :

$\rm { \dfrac { Amount of water }{Time to percolate } }$

To compare the rate of percolation in the three types of the soil, we will do an experiment.In the conclusion we'll get our answer.

Let's fix the pipes of 7cm in each soil ( sandy, loamy, clayey). Then, we'll pour 300ml of water in those three types of soil through pipes.

In the case of sandy soil:

In the the case of sandy soil ,we'll observe that water will take minimum time to percolate. This, is because they have very large spaces between them through which water can pass easily. Thus, rate of percolation of water is the highest the sandy soil.

In the case of clayey soil:

In the the case of clayey soil ,we'll observe that water will take maximum time to percolate. This, is because they have very small spaces between them through which water can't pass easily and will take time. Thus, rate of percolation of water is the lowest in clayey soil.

In the case of loamy soil:

In the the case of loamy soil ,we'll observe that it's percolation time will be between the time percolation of clayey soil and sandy soil. This, is because they have equal amount of sands,clayey and silt. Thus, rate of percolation of water is the between the percolation time of clayey soil and sandy soil .

Thus, from these observation we get that :–

$\rm \purple { Sandy \: soil > Loamy \: soil > clayey \: soil }$

So, we are done!!

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Answer 2

1.Name the following:

a) Source of Litmus

$➠ \sf \green { Lichens }$

Why?

Litmus is commonly used indicator. It is a purple dye, which is made from lichens. When added to an acidic solution it turns red, and when added to a basic solution it turns blue.

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b) A layer of soil that could be called D Horizon

$➠ \sf \green { Bedrock }$

Why?

Bedrock is also known as D-Horizon it is the layer below the C-horizon and is made of solid unweathered rock. It is non-porous and rainwater collects above it to form the water table.

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c) Seeping of water through soil

$➠ \sf \green {Percolation \: of \: Water }$

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d) The part of alimentary canal where villi are found.

$➠ \sf \green {Small \: Intestine }$

Why?

The small intestine plays an important role in the absorption of the digested food into the blood stream. The inner walls of the small intestine have numerous projections called villi (singular: villus). The digested food enters the blood vessels in the villi through their thin walls.

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e) Biggest part of ruminants stomach.

$➠ \sf \green {Rumen }$

Why?

When cattle eat, the food is chewed and swallowed quickly. It enters the rumen where microorganisms help to break down the plant material.

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2. Write down the properties and uses of acids.

Properties

• Acids have a sour taste.
• All acids are soluble in water.
• Acids turn litmus paper into red colour.

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Uses

• Carbonic acid: to make carbonated drinks.

• Tartaric acid : as a preservative in soft drinks and to produce emetic tartar, used to induce vomitting.

• Benzoic acid : to preserve food.

• Nitric acid : to produce fertilisers and explosives; also in the purification and extraction of gold.

• Sulphuric acid : to make detergents and fertilisers; used in car batteries.

• Hydrochloric acid : for household cleaning.

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3. Explain the terms conduction Convection and radiation.

Conduction

• The transfer of heat from a hot object to a less hot object when they are in contact is called conduction.

Convection

• The process by which heat is transmitted in liquids and gases by the actual movement of molecules is called convection.

radiation

• The transfer of heat in the form of waves from one body to another through a vacuum or a medium is called radiation.

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4. What do you understand by the rate of percolation? Compare the rate of percolation in the three types of soil.

Percolation is the passing of a liquid or a gas through a porous material. The rate at which water percolates through a particular kind of soil depends on the texture of the soil. The percolation rate is different in different kinds of soil.

Rate of percolation :

Amount of water percolated (ml)

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Time taken (min)

To compare the rate of percolation in the three types of the soil,

Let's fix a plastic pipes of 8 cm in each soil Then, we'll pour 250 ml of water in those pipes

What do we observe?

Sandy soil holds less water than clay soil and loamy soil. Clay soil holds more water than sandy soil. Sand absorbs less water than clay.

Hence in easy way we can say that

Sandy Soil→ Loamy Soil→ Clayey Soil

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Done!