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Answer 1

Answer:

• 1) Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, or VSEPR theory, is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms.It is also named the Gillespie-Nyholm theory after its two main developers, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm.
• The premise of VSEPR is that the valence electron pairs surrounding an atom tend to repel each other and will, therefore, adopt an arrangement that minimizes this repulsion. This in turn decreases
• the molecule's energy and increases its stability, which determines the molecular geometry. Gillespie has emphasized that the electron-electron repulsion due to the Pauli exclusion principle is more important in determining molecular geometry than the electrostatic repulsion.
• VSEPR theory is based on observable electron density rather than mathematical wave functions and hence unrelated to orbital hybridisation,although both address molecular shape. VSEPR has a physical basis in quantum chemical topology (QCT) methods such as the electron localization function (ELF) and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (AIM or QTAI

2)

• Orbitals can hold a maximum of two electrons. The main difference between atomic and molecular orbital is that the electrons in an atomic orbital are influenced by one positive nucleus, while the electrons of a molecular orbital are influenced by the two or more nuclei depending upon the number of atoms in a molecule.
• The major difference between atomic and molecular orbitals is that atomic orbitals represent electron density in space associated with a particular atom. Molecular orbitals are associated with the entire molecule, meaning the electron density is delocalized (spread out) over more than one atom

Answer 2

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