Answer the following questions:
1. Explain polymer and polymerisation with suitable examples.
2. What is nylon? Discuss its properties and uses.
3. What is orlon? Discuss its important properties and uses.
What is terylene? Discuss its preparation, properties and uses.
Discuss in detail the advantages and disadvantages of synthetic fibres.
6. What is thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic? Discuss the difference between them.
7. Discuss the uses of polythene, polystyrene, nylon and orlon.
8. What is the difference between teflon and bakelite? Discuss their important uses.
9. Discuss the uses of melamine and araldite.
10 Discuss various types of fibres along with their examples.
Answers
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Q.1] i) A substance which has a molecular structure built up chiefly or completely from a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g. many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.
Q.1] i) A substance which has a molecular structure built up chiefly or completely from a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g. many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.ii) Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. ... The monomer molecules may be all alike, or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds.
Q.2] Nylon fibers are exceptionally strong and elastic and stronger than polyester fibers. The fibers have excellent toughness, abrasion resistance, and are easy to wash, and to dye in a wide range of colors. The filament yarns provide a smooth, soft, and lightweight fabric of high resilience.
Q.3] Orlon is a synthetic acrylic fiber, which is used in the textile industry. The fiber is resistant to sunlight and atmospheric gases. This property of Orlon makes it suitable for outdoor uses. It is resistant to shrinkage and has a soft and warm feel.
Q.4] Definition: Terylene is extensively used in textile industry to make hard wear clothes like sarees , taoestry and dress material. Terylene is made by a process of polymerizing ethylene glycol and terepthalic acid. It is also mixed with natural fibre like cotton and wool to make more variety of clothes.
Q.5] Most synthetic fibres have good elasticity. Most fabrics made of synthetic fibres do not wrinkle easily. Fabrics made of synthetic fibres are generally more durable, less expensive, and more readily available than those made of natural fibres. Most synthetic fibres can handle heavy loads without breaking.
Q.6] i) The primary physical difference is that thermoplastics can be remelted back into a liquid, whereas thermoset plastics always remain in a permanent solid state. ... Think of thermoplastics as butter – butter can be melted and cooled multiple times to form various shapes.
ii) The primary difference between the two is that Thermoset is a material that strengthens when heated, but cannot be remolded or heated after the initial forming, while thermoplastics can be reheated, remolded, and cooled as necessary without causing any chemical changes.
Q.7] i) polythene : Its main uses are plastic bags, plastic films, and packaging in its foam form, vibration dampening and insulation, as a barrier or buoyancy component, or as material for cushioning. Polyethylene foam is most frequently seen as a packaging material.
ii) polystyrene : As a hard, solid plastic, it is often used in products that require clarity, such as food packaging and laboratory ware. When combined with various colorants, additives or other plastics, polystyrene is used to make appliances, electronics, automobile parts, toys, gardening pots and equipment and more
iii) nylon : Nylon is used for for making plastic machine parts as it is low cost and long lasting. It is often commonly used in the electronics industry for its non-conductivity and heat resistance. It is used for screws, bolts, washers and nuts as well as circuit board hardware.
iv) orlon : Orlon, trademark for an acrylic fiber available in filaments (long single strands) or staples (bundles of short fibers). ... The staple fiber is used in bulky suiting fabric, overcoatings and topcoatings, dress fabrics, knitted wear, and washable woven sportswear.
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