Question

Answer the following Questions :-

1. What is soil?

2. How many types of soil are formed in India? List two characteristics of each?

3. What is weathering?

4. What are the various components of soil?

5. What is soil erosion? What are the main causes of soil erosion?

6. How can be soil conserved?​

Answer 1

Answer:

${\huge{\overbrace{\underbrace{\purple{answer}}}}}$

1 • the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.

2• In India, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified soils into 8 categories. Alluvial Soil, Black Cotton Soil, Red Soil, Laterite Soil, Mountainous or Forest Soils, Arid or Desert Soil, Saline and Alkaline Soil, Peaty, and Marshy Soil are the categories of Indian Soil.

3• Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface

4• Soil contains air, water, and minerals as well as plant and animal matter, both living and dead.

5• Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil; it is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice, snow, air, plants, animals, and humans.

• The Main Causes And Impacts Of Soil Erosion

Deforestation for Agriculture Is One of the Top Causes of Soil Erosion. ...

Soil Erosion is Also Caused by Overgrazing, Which Causes Floods too. ...

Agrochemicals Cause Soil Erosion and Degradation. ...

Construction and Recreational Activities.

6• Techniques for improved soil conservation include crop rotation, cover crops, conservation tillage and planted windbreaks, affect both erosion and fertility. When plants die, they decay and become part of the soil.

hope this will help u!

Answer 2

1. What is soil?

Soil is the uppermost layer of the earth's crust which is a mixture of organic matter,minerals,water & gases.

2.How many types of soil are formed in India? List two characteristics of each?

✦Alluvial Soil:-

• This soil has a phosphorous deficiency.
• Colour varies from light grey to ash.
• This soil is suited for Rice, maize, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds, etc.
• This soil is divided into khadar & Bhangar.

✦Black Soil:-

• The soil is rich in iron, lime, calcium, potash, magnesium, and aluminium.
• It has high water retaining capacity
• Generally used for cotton cultivation, Tobacco, citrus fruits, castor, and linseed.

✦Red Soil:-

• The soil is red due to presence of ferric oxides.
• Deficient in phosphate, lime, magnesia, humus and nitrogen.
• This soil is good for the cultivation of wheat, cotton, pulses, tobacco, millets, orchards, potato and oilseeds.

✦Laterite Soil:-

• Soft when they are wet and hard on drying.
• Lack in organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, lime and potash.
• Suitable for the cultivation of rice, ragi, sugarcane, and cashew nuts.

✦Mountainous/Forest Soils:-

• These soils are immature
• Dark brown.
• Very low humus and is acidic.
• Cultivation: fodder, legumes,orchards.

✦Arid or Desert Soil:-

• Low organic matter.
• It has low soluble salts
• Very low retaining capacity.
• Suitable for  Bajra, pulses, fodder, and guar.

3.What is weathering?

The wearing away of the surface of rock, soil, and minerals into smaller pieces is known as weathering.

Types of weathering:-

• Physical
• chemical
• biological.

Example:- Breaking down of small pieces of rock  at the side of a mountain due to wind,water,etc.

4.What are the various components of soil?

The very basic components of soil are minerals, organic matter, water and air. The typical soil consists of approximately,

• 45% mineral
• 5% organic matter
• 20-30% water
• 20-30% air

They help to hold,provide and store nutrients.

5.What is soil erosion? What are the main causes of soil erosion?

The naturally occurring process of wearing away of the topic soil is known as soil erosion.Main causes of soil erosion are:-

• Rainfall and Flooding
• Agriculture  
• Mining
• Heavy Winds
• Deforestation
• Overgrazing

6. How can be soil conserved?​

✦By practising,

• Crop Rotation
• Strip Cropping
• Early Maturing Varieties
• Reducing tillage

✦With the help of buffer zones.

✦Constructing dams

✦Growing more trees

✦Checking Overgrazing

____________