Answer the following questions briefly. 1. Distinguish between the troposphere and the stratosphere. 2. What is 'deforestation' and how does it contribute to global warming? 3. What is the role of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? 4. Explain briefly the three possible effects of global warming. 5. What is ozone layer depletion and how can it be reduced? 6. How does methane affect global warming?
Answers
1. The troposphere is the lowest level of the atmosphere, so it is in contact with the Earth's surface. In contrast, the stratosphere is located above the troposphere, so it is not in contact with the Earth's surface. The air density and air pressure are much lower in the stratosphere.
2. Tropical forest trees, like all green plants, take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis. When trees are cut down and burned or allowed to rot, their stored carbon is released into the air as carbon dioxide. And this is how deforestation and forest degradation contribute to global warming.
3. Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas that helps to trap heat in our atmosphere. Without it, our planet would be inhospitably cold. Carbon dioxide plays a key role in Earth's carbon cycle, the set of processes that cycle carbon in many forms throughout our environment.
5. The ozone layer is the common term for the high concentration of ozone that is found in the stratosphere around 15–30km above the earth's surface. It covers the entire planet and protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the sun.
To reduce ozone layer depletion:
1. Avoid the consumption of gases dangerous to the ozone layer, due to their content or manufacturing process.
2. Minimize the use of cars.
3. Do not use cleaning products that are harmful to the environment and to us.
4. Buy local products.
6. Methane is more than 25 times as potent as carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. Because methane is both a powerful greenhouse gas and short-lived compared to carbon dioxide, achieving significant reductions would have a rapid and significant effect on atmospheric warming potential.
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