Answer the following questions in brief.
(1) On what principles is India's foreign
policy based ?
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Answers
Answer:
foreign policy of Nehru
…as nonaligned, was based on Five Principles (Panch Shila): mutual respect for other nations' territorial integrity and sovereignty; nonaggression; noninterference in internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence.
Indian foreign policy objectives and principles
While keeping in view the fundamental objectives of India’s foreign policy, India has adopted and pursued certain principles to realize these objectives. Some of these principles are given in Article 51 under the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution Of India. These principles are the promotion of international peace and security; friendly relations with other countries; respect for international law and international organizations like the UN; and finally the peaceful settlement of international disputes. The principles of India’s foreign policy and its objectives are closely interlinked with each other. These principles have stood the test of time and are ingrained in international law and India’s foreign policy practice. Some of these principles are discussed below.
A. Panchsheel
Indian Policymakers understood the linkage between peace and development and survival of mankind. In view of the destruction caused by two world wars, they realized that for the progress of a nation a durable world peace was needed. Without global peace, social and economic development is likely to be pushed to the background. Thus, the founder of India’s foreign policy, Nehru gave utmost importance to world peace in his policy planning. For him, India desired peaceful and friendly relations with all countries, particularly the big powers and the neighboring nations. While signing a peace agreement with China; he advocated adherence to five guiding principles known as Panchsheel. Panchsheel was signed on 28 April 1954 and since then it has become a guiding principle of India’s bilateral relations with other countries also. Panchsheel includes the following five principles of foreign policy:
Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
Non-aggression against each other.
Non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
Equality and mutual benefit.
Peaceful co-existence.
These principles of Panchsheel were later incorporated in the Bandung Declaration, signed in the Afro-Asian Conference held in 1955 in Indonesia. They are the core principles of the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) and still guide the conduct of India’s foreign policy.
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