Environmental Sciences, asked by Ritikasahay, 9 months ago

Answer the following questions in brief:
Name some of the constituents of soil
which layer of soil contains humus?
Which layer of soil is represented by the B-horizon?
into how many types is soil classified on the basis of origin? Name them.
Name any four soils which are found in India..
Answer the following questions in detail:
Explain the structure of soil in your own words.
What are the types of soil on the basis of size of particles? Explain them.
Give a brief account of the factors that cause difference in soils. What is the effea
difference in soils on plants?
How is soll a habitat for various organisms? What is the importance of soil organisme
(e) Write about the main soils of India describing their properties, locations, etc.

Answers

Answered by indusheel

Answer:

Components of soil: The four major components of soil are shown: inorganic minerals, organic matter, water, and air.The Top most layer contains humus B HORIZON- This is the layer that we call "subsoil" and it is located just below the A Horizon.

On the basis of origin :1)Alluvial soil- It is a loose form of soil that consists of sediments made up of eroded rock material 2)Black soil- It consists of large amount of clay and humus and is formed from basic rocks like basalt and in places of lava deposits 3)Red Soil- This type of soil is rich in iron oxide content that fives it a reddish tinge.4)Laterite soil- This type of soil is rich in alumunium and iron content and is formed in wet and tropical areas 5)Arid soil- This type of soil is sandy and saline and is found in arid regions, particularly deserts

Soils found in India :Alluvial soils

Alluvial soilsBlack (or Regur soil)

Alluvial soilsBlack (or Regur soil)Red and Yellow soils

Alluvial soilsBlack (or Regur soil)Red and Yellow soilsLaterite soils

Soil structure is defined by the way individual particles of sand, silt, and clay are assembled. Single particles when assembled appear as larger particles. These are called aggregates .

Soil particles vary greatly in size, and soil scientists classify soil particles into sand, silt, and clay. Starting with the finest, clay particles are smaller than 0.002 mm in diameter. Some clay particles are so small that ordinary microscopes do not show them. Silt particles are from 0.002 to 0.05 mm in diameter.

Soil scientists describe soil as a natural body that forms as the result of five factors: Climate, Organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms), Relief (shape of the landscape), Parent materials, and Time. ... Temperature and precipitation are the main climate factors that make soils different from one another

Soil animals perform several functions in soil that make them a vital part of all ecosystems, including agriculture. Soil animals are involved in: • degrading organic matter and making nutrients available,• improving and maintaining soil structure; and,• mixing organic matter through the soil.

1)Alluvial Soil

Alluvial SoilComposition: Rich in lime potash, Poor in phosphorous and humus

Alluvial SoilComposition: Rich in lime potash, Poor in phosphorous and humusFormation: Silt brought by rivers

Alluvial SoilComposition: Rich in lime potash, Poor in phosphorous and humusFormation: Silt brought by riversCharacteristics: Very fertile, fine grained both in new alluvium (Khadar) and old alluviumDistribution: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal

2)Black Soil (Regur)Characteristics: Water retentive cracks develops when dry

Characteristics: Water retentive cracks develops when dryDistribution: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu

3)Red and Yellow Soil

Red and Yellow SoilComposition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium and nitrogen

Red and Yellow SoilComposition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium and nitrogenFormation: Decomposition of granite, gneiss and metamorphic rocks

Red and Yellow SoilComposition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium and nitrogenFormation: Decomposition of granite, gneiss and metamorphic rocksCharacteristics: Not water retentive. When fertilizers are added, soil become productive

4)Laterite Soil

Laterite SoilComposition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogen

Laterite SoilComposition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogenFormation: Leaching of laterite rocks

Laterite SoilComposition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogenFormation: Leaching of laterite rocksCharacteristics: Agriculturally less important. Bricks are made for house construction

Explanation:

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