Answer the following questions in short :
(1) State the required qualifications for being appointed as the Judge of the Supreme Court.
(2) State the powers under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
(3) Describe matters that are out of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
(4) Explain the process of impeachment.
(5) Describe the powers of the High Court in the criminal cases.
(6) State the required qualifications of the judge of the High Court.
(7) Name the various subordinate courts.
Answers
1) In order to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court, a person must be a citizen of India and must have been, for atleast five years, a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession, or an Advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession for at least 10 years or he must be, .
2) Under its original jurisdiction, the Court enforces fundamental rights, hears federal disputes and can transfer cases. Under the Supreme Court's extraordinary appellate jurisdiction, it has wide discretionary power to grant special leave to appeals against any order by any lower court or tribunal.
3) In India, the Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. Original jurisdiction is related to cases which are directly brought to the Supreme Court Cases which require the interpretation of the constitution or cases relating to the denial of fundamental rights are heard In the supreme court.
4) The process is started by a two-thirds majority vote of the Parliament to impeach the president, whereupon the Constitutional Court decides whether the President is guilty of the crime of which he is charged. If he is found guilty, he is removed from power.
5) The High Court can hear appeals against the decisions of the District courts in civil and criminal matters. High courts can hear criminal cases where appellate jurisdiction are involved are: Appeals can be made against the state when an order of acquittal is passed by a Sessions Judge.
6) For appointment as a judge of a High Court the person must be an Indian citizen who has worked as a judge in any court in India for a period not less than ten years. Advocates with a ten year standing in any High Court are also eligible besides jurists whom the President of India may consider as eminent.
7) Criminal Courts
In each district of India there are various types of subordinate or lower courts. They are civil courts, criminal courts and revenue courts. These Courts hear civil cases, criminal cases and revenue cases, respectively.