Answer the following questions in short :
What were the economic conditions in Indiajust before the uprising broke out?
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Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
POLITICAL CAUSES OF REVOLT OF 1857 - SHORTCUT
The political causes for the First War of Independence (1857) include:
(a) British policy of expansion
(b) Disrespect shown to Bahadur Shah
(c) Treatment given to Nana Saheb and Rani Laxmi Bai
(d) Absentee sovereignty of the British
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CAUSES - SHORTCUT
The British government's attempt to interfere in the social and religious life of the Indians led to the widespread fear among the masses. The main socio-religious causes of the first war of independence included: (a) Interference with social customs; (b) Apprehensions about modern innovations; (c) Policy of racial discrimination; (d) Corruption in administration; (e) Oppression of the poor; (f) Activities of missionaries; (g) Fears regarding western education; (h) Taxing religious places; and (i) Law of property.
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF ECONOMIC CAUSES - SHORTCUT
The most important reason for the popular discontent was the economic exploitation by the British. It played a major role in the uprising of 1857. The main economic causes for the First War of Indian Independence were: (a) Exploitation of economic resources; (b) Drain of wealth; (c) Decay of cottage industries and handicrafts; (d) Economic decline of peasantry; (e) Growing unemployment; (f) Inhuman treatment of Indigo cultivators; (g) Poverty and famines; and (h) Decline of landed aristocracy.
BRIEF DISCUSSION ABOUT MILITARY CAUSES - SHORTCUT
The military causes for the First War of Independence were: ill-treatment of Indian soldiers, General Service Establishment Act, larger proportion of Indians in the British Army, bleak prospects of promotions, deprivation of allowances, faulty distribution of troops, poor performance of British troops and the lower salaries.
EVENTS IN MEERUT AND DELHI DURING 1857 - SHORTCUT
On May 9, eighty-five sepoys refused to touch the cartridges on the parade ground at Meerut. They were sentenced to 10 years of rigorous imprisonment. On May 10, all the sepoys at Meerut rushed to the jail and set free their comrades. The next morning, they reached Delhi and seized the city and proclaimed Bahadur Shah the emperor of India. Sir John Nicholson surrounded Delhi and after four months of attack captured Delhi. Bahadur Shah's sons were shot in front of him and Bahadur Shah was deported to Yangon in Myanmar where he died in 1862.
EXPLAIN ABOUT THE POLICY OF EXPANSION - SHORTCUT
The British tried to expand their political power in four ways, i.e., by outright wars, the Subsidiary Alliance System, the Doctrine of Lapse and on the pretext of alleged misrule.
INTERFERENCE WITH SOCIAL CUSTOMS - SHORTCUT
The British introduced some social reforms without taking into consideration the feelings of Indians. Reforms like abolition of Sati (1829), the introduction of the Widow Remarriage Act (1856) and the opening of the western education to girls were not welcomed by the masses.
EXPLOITATION OF ECONOMIC RESOURCES AND DRAIN OF WEALTH - SHORTCUT
India was forced to export raw materials like cotton and silk at cheaper rates, plantation products which were urgently needed in Britain. India was made to accept readymade British goods either duty-free or at nominal rates. Since the Indian artisans could not compete with the machine-made goods, many of them lost their means of livelihood. The transfer of wealth from India to England for which India got no proportionate economic return, is called the Drain of Wealth. The drain included the salaries, incomes and savings of English men office establishment, interest on debts, etc.
DISCUSS ABOUT ILL-TREATMENT OF INDIAN SOLDIERS - SHORTCUT
Despite the fact that Indian soldiers were as efficient as their British counterparts, they were poorly paid, ill-fed and badly housed. The Britishers forbade Indian soldiers from wearing caste or sectarian marks, beards or turbans.
EVENTS IN KANPUR AND LUCKNOW DURING 1857 REVOLT - SHORTCUT
Begum Hazrat Mahal, the wife of the Nawab of Awadh, led the uprising at Lucknow on May 30, 1857. The city was recaptured by the British in March 1858. She fled towards the Nepal frontier. At Kanpur, Nana Saheb led the struggle for independence where the British initially surrendered in June 1857 but later defeated Nana Saheb in December 1857. He then fled to Nepal.
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Explanation:
Economic Causes of 1857 Revolt
- Destruction of Agriculture. Under the British rule, there was a severe deterioration of the condition of Indian agriculture. ...
- Permanent Settlement System. ...
- Resentment Among Zamindars. ...
- Heavy Taxation. ...
- Destruction of Traditional Industries. ...
- Destruction of Trade. ...
- Protectionist Policies. ...
- Conclusion.