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Answers
Why Jan 1st is New Year's Day
Gregorian New Year’s day, 1st
January is an ancient custom established by the Romans. It was established
centuries ago. The Roman god Janus had two faces one forward and one behind.
- The forward face is pointing to the next year. The hind face pointing towards
- the past year. January month was named after him and was chosen to be the
- beginning of the Roman and later Gregorian calendar.
January 1st was chosen in
around 153 BC as New Year’s day by Romans. When Julian calendar began in 45 BC
they continued it. The beginning of New Year was altered in some centuries in
some countries. It was altered to the day when the Consul or head of state
assumed charge. In England for five centuries from 12th century CE Legal
Year began on 25 March. Many countries followed Jan 1st as New Year’s
day when they adopted Gregorian calendar. Some countries changed their calendars to
start New Year on Jan 1st during 17th and 18 centuries.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the shortest
day falls on 21st or 22nd December every year. So January
indicates beginning of warmer days. It has effect on agriculture, weather and
more pleasant life style. Perhaps that is another reason to choose January to
be the beginning of the year.
Earth is at its perihelion position,
closest to Sun, in its orbit on 21st Dec. Northern Hemisphere is further
away from Sun than Southern Hemisphere. Reason is Earth’s tilt of 23 deg to the
plane of its orbit around Sun. So it is winter in Northern Hemisphere.
New Year's Day and Celestial Bodies
There is
no relation between seasons, planetary positions and beginning of the year.
New Year’s STAR SIRIUS:
Sirius is the brightest star in the sky.
Sirius starts on the horizon at Sunset on Dec 31st, and rises to the
highest position (above head) at midnight on the stroke of New Year. This
happens every year. Sirius is called the Star of the New Year. Sirius shines sparklingly
white and bright. Sirius can be located easily with the help of three Belt stars,
part of constellation Orion.
HINDU CALENDAR:
However, in Hindu calendar it is
different. The calendar is based on Lunar and Solar positions in the sky with
respect to Earth. 27 chosen Stars are divided into 12 raasis or groups
(constellations) of 30 deg each. Months are named according to Lunar positions
wrt the stars. The prominent star on the full moon day of the month gave its
name to that month.
But the choice of New Year’s day in Hindu
calendars (Ugadi) is on the basis of weather. They chose spring and Sunny days
during March/April as the beginning of their year. Those days were pleasant to the people (region) who wrote the Hindu calendars. But, there is no celestial event occurring
on the Hindu New year’s day either.
ᴡʜy ᴊᴀɴ 1ꜱᴛ ɪꜱ ɴᴇᴡ yᴇᴀʀ ᴅᴀy
ᴀɴꜱᴡᴇʀ :
ɪɴ ᴍᴀɴy ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀɪᴇꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴡ yᴇᴀʀ ʙᴇɢɪɴꜱ ᴏɴ ᴊᴀɴᴜᴀʀy 1 . 715 - 673 ʙᴄᴇ ) ɴᴜᴍᴀ ʀᴇᴠɪꜱᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏᴍᴀɴ ʀᴇᴩᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴ ᴄᴀʟᴇɴᴅᴇʀ ꜱᴏ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴊᴀɴᴜᴀʀy ʀᴇᴩʟᴀᴄᴇᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴄʜ ᴀꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰɪʀꜱᴛ ᴍᴏɴᴛʜ ɪᴛ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴀ ꜰɪᴛᴛɪɴɢ ᴄʜᴏɪᴄᴇ ꜱɪɴᴄᴇ ᴊᴀɴᴜᴀʀy ᴡᴀꜱ ɴᴀᴍᴇᴅ ᴀꜱ ᴀ ᴊᴀɴᴜꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏᴍᴀɴ ɢᴏᴅ ᴏꜰ ᴀʟʟ ʙᴇɢɪɴɴɪɴɢꜱ ; ᴍᴀʀᴄʜ ᴄᴇʟᴇʙʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴍᴀʀꜱ , ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏᴅ ᴏꜰ ᴡᴀʀ .