Answer the questions in brief. (Any 4) (12)
1. What were the qualifications necessary to become a member of a
committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire?
2. How are flood plains formed?
3. How do some MLAs become ministers? Explain.
4. What was the impact of the Mongol invasion on the Delhi Sultanate?
5. What is the atmosphere? Which two gases make the bulk of the
atmosphere?
Answers
Answer:
1. To become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire, the following qualifications were necessary:
- The members should be owners of land from which land revenue is collected.
- They should have their own homes.
- They should be between 35 and 70 years of age.
- They should have knowledge of the Vedas.
2. Floodplains. A floodplain is an area of land which is covered in water when a river bursts its banks. Floodplains form due to both erosion and deposition. Erosion removes any interlocking spurs , creating a wide, flat area on either side of the river.
3. The party which is elected in majority for the Legislative Assembly forms the government. As per constitutional provisions the ruling party elects its leader who is called the Chief Minister as the head of the government. The Chief Minister, in consultation with the Governor, constitutes a cabinet which includes members of his/her party as ministers. The MLAs who become ministers are allotted with a portfolio. Here the MLAs turned ministers become accountable for the entire state for that particular portfolio.
4. Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate increased during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq's rule. This forced the Sultans to undertake a number of expensive protective measures.
5. The blanket of air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. The atmosphere primarily comprises nitrogen and oxygen in bulk and other gases like carbon dioxide, helium, ozone, etc in lesser quantities.