what is bonding in carbon and the covalent bond
Answers
★ Covalent bond:
→ The bonding in carbon is the covalent bond. This bond is created by mutual sharing of electrons pairs between two atoms in a molecule. Carbon creates covalent bond because unlike other elements the atomic number of carbon is 6 and electronic configuration of carbon is 2,4.
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→ We know that according to “Octet rule” a atom has eight electrons in its valence shell. Either give away a the electrons gain electrons to make itself stable. Since the outermost valence shell of carbon is 4, it's harder for carbon to gain 4 electrons or lose 4 electrons and this requires a large amount of energy to add or remove 4 electrons.
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→ So, carbon overcomes this problem by creating covalent bond by mutual sharing of electrons pairs between two atoms either with any other carbon or with other elements.
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★ Types of covalent bond:
• There are three types of covalent bond as follows.
- Single covalent bond.
- Double covalent bond.
- Triple covalent bond.
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★ Single covalent bond:
→ A covalent bond is “Single covalent bond" when only one pair of electrons are shared between the atoms of the elements.
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★ Example:
→ H₂, Cl₂, etc
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★ Double covalent bond:
→ A covalent bond is “Double covalent bond" when two pair of electrons are shared between the atoms of the elements.
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★ Example:
→ CO₂, O₂, etc
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★ Triple covalent bond:
→ A covalent bond is “Triple covalent bond" when three pair of electrons are shared between the atoms of the elements.
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★ Example:
→ N₂, etc.
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★ Each type of covalent bond have their own symbol to represent themselves as follows:
→ (H – H) This represents single covalent bond (H₂ molecule).
→ (O = O) This represents double covalent bond (0₂ molecule).
→ (N ≡ N) This represents triple covalent bond (N₂ molecule).