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Answer 1

Answer:

C]

11. The compound plaster of paris is prepared by heating gypsum at 120oC. 2CaSO4.2H2O → (CaSO4)2.H2O + 3H2O. The chemical formula for the plaster of paris is (CaSO4)2.

12.

a} Acids Found at Home  From Vinegar

• Acetic acid (HC2H3O2) is found in vinegar as well as products that contain vinegar, such as ketchup.
• Citric acid (H3C6H5O7) is found in citrus fruits. ...
• Lactic acid (C3H6O3) is found in milk and other dairy products.
• Ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) is vitamin C.

b} Acids Found at Home  From ant - sting

• Butanoic acid
• Acetic acid
• Methanoic acid
• Ethanoic acid.

c} Acids Found at  Home From Sour milk.

• adipic acid
• citric acid
• Lactic Acid
• malic acid,
• phosphoric acid
• succinic acid
• tartaric acid.

13. Copper(II) oxide dissolves in mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid to give the corresponding copper(II) salts: CuO + 2 HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O. CuO + 2 HCl → CuCl2 + H2O.

14.

*DIAMOND

• common uses of a diamond, besides being made into jewellery, is the use of it in the industrial industry. Due to a diamond's remarkable strength, they have become extremely effective as cutting, polishing and drilling tools.

*GRAPHITE

• Graphite is used in pencils and lubricants. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Its high conductivity makes it useful in electronic products such as electrodes, batteries, and solar panels.

D]

16. A homologous series is a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula. We will look at three hydrocarbon series: alkanes, alkenes and the cycloalkanes. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon.

• homologous series of alkenes is CnH2n
• homologous series os alcohols are methanol, ethanol and propanol.

17.

a} Answer is given as attchment.

b}

18.

Roasting$--->$ Roasting is the process in which the ore is heated below its melting point in presence of air to oxidise the impurities. Ex: carbon, sulphur etc removed as their gaseous oxides.

Calcination$--->$ Calcination is the process of heating the ore below its melting point in absence of air to remove volatile impurities like arsenic etc.

1. In the process of roasting, ore is heated above its melting point in the presence of air or oxygen while in calcination, ore is heated above its melting point in the absence of air or very limited amount of oxygen supply

2. Roasting is mostly done for sulphide minerals while calcination is mostly applied in decomposition of carbonate ores.

3. Roasting is not used for dehydrating an ore while calcination can be used to drive out moisture from an ore.

4. In roasting, sulphur dioxide is released while in calcination carbon dioxide is released.

19.

a} neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.

For eg:$->$ Farmers use lime (calcium oxide) to neutralise acid soils.

b} It is a laxative (osmotic-type) that is thought to work by drawing water into the intestines, an effect that helps to cause movement of the intestines. This medication is also used to treat symptoms caused by too much stomach acid such as heartburn, upset stomach, or indigestion.

20.

The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. ... Industrial scale production began in 1892. Usually the process is conducted on a brine (an aqueous solution of NaCl), in which case NaOH, hydrogen, and chlorine result.

Diagram in is attachment 2...