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Compound like HCl and HNO3 shows acidic character because they ionised in their aquas solution while compounds like ethanol and glucose does not ionised in their aquas solution.
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HCL, HNO3 etc. Shows acidic character because it releases h+ ions or hydronium ions (H30+) when dissolve in water while on other hand compound like C2H5OH (ethanol) and glucose which is formed by reacting with water does not releases h+ or hydronium ions. That is why they do not show acidic characters.
Reaction of HCl with water is as follows-
Hcl+h20-----H3O+(hydronium ion) + Cl-
This is answer is based on CBSe class 10. Hope it will help you
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