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Answer 1

Chipko andolan (movement) is a non-violent protesting movement of people near Gopeswar village in Rajasthan. It was in 1972-73 local girijans (tribals) protested against deforestation policies of Indian governmental forest department.

Protest was against logging policies and allowing commercial contractors or private companies to cut down of trees for money. Companies were making products from wood and making profit.

Chipko andolan was a peaceful Gandhian satyagraha against vested interests to exploit forests.

Andolan raised public awareness about eco-system, and need for conservation. It was to prevent the lives of tribals from being extinct.

The chipko andolan later on initiated indirectly peaceful protests all over India and world.

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The local tribal people benefited as they were totally dependent on forests for food, meat, agriculture, firewood, housing etc. They didn't have to relocate elelsewhere. The andolan saved soil from erosion. It showed the power of people and satyagraha. The women showed more strength in the Andolan. Women were dependent on forest and greenery for long term availability of water (cooking/ drinking/ bathing), and firewood for cooking.