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Answer 1

Answer:

III

1. It was fought between the East India Company under Robert Clive and the forces of Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey between Kolkata and Murshidabad.
2. Mir jafar had allied with the British to become the Nawab of Bengal in the battle of Plassey. After the war he became the Nawab but could not fulfill the constant demands of the British. So the British crowned his son-in-law, Mir Qasim as the Nawab. He granted equal facilities to British and the Indian merchants. British were annoyed by this and attacked him. Mir Qasim took refuge under Shuja-ud-Daulah where Shah Alam was also taking refuge. Mir Qasim didn't want rule under the British. He wanted to stop the growing power of British. This resulted in the Battle of Buxar (बक्सर). It was fought between East India Company under Hector Munro and Mir Qasim, Shah Alam and Shuja-ud-Daulah.
3. British introduced Dual Government in Bengal. The Company controlled the army, the judiciary and the revenue collection and the Nawab looked after the administration which was nothing. British became immensely powerful by this arrangement. They didn't take any responsibility of the public so they suffered. The British didn't help the victims of the Bengal famine and thousands of people died. The Nawab couldn't either help his subjects as all the power was in the hands of the British.
4. Subsidiary Alliance was the British policy of providing military assistance to Indian rulers in exchange of paying for army maintenance. A British resident was stationed at the court for security from other rulers, but the main purpose was to keep other European powers away.

6. The British wanted complete control of Punjab by ending the Sikh kingdom. The immediate cause of this war was the exile of Lal Singh on charges of conspiracy. Lord Dalhousie, the greatest annexationist, attacked Punjab and made it a part of British India in 1849.

IV

1. The Carnatic Wars were a series of battles fought between the English and the French for control of the trading ports of India, during the years 1746 to 1763. These wars were driven by opportunism on all sides and though the native princes did not want to surrender their territory to an outside power they often cooperated willingly with the Europeans to strengthen their own position.
2. Tipu Sultan allied with the French after the death of his father, Hyder Ali who died fighting the British and invented the nearby state of Travancore in 1789 which was under the control of British. This resulted in war and the defeat of Mysore. Tipu Sultan was forced to sign the Treaty of Srirangapattnam. Later, in 1799 Lord Wellesley coma Governor General of India he attacked Mysore from 4 sides. The Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas from north and British attack from South, East and West. the British were victorious in this war and Tipu was killed during the defence of the city. The remaining Mysorean territories were annexed by British the Nizam and the marathas. The remaining core around Mysore and Srirangapattnam, was restored to the Indian Prince belonging to the Wodeyar dynasty who ruled till 1947.
3. In 17th century British Wanted Raghunath Rao Peshwa to battle Madhavrao II. he was given 2500 men by British. Raghunath Rao give them Salsette, Bassien revenue from Broach and Surat. designed the Treaty of Salbai in 1782 and fees for 20 years. In 1801, there was a conflict among the marathas over the Peshwaship. Peshwa Baji Rao II entered the the Subsidiary Alliance with British, who gave him protection against Jaswant Rao Holkar. Baji Rao signed treaty with British. But the Maratha chiefs, Shinde and Bhosale opposed. This resulted in war where Shinde and Bhosale lost and signed treaties. 12 years later, Bajirao II did not like to rule under the British. He he tried to convince Bhosale and Shinde against British but failed. He had to surrender. as British had a superior position, they abolished the position of Peshwa and Marathas were limited to a small kingdom of Satara. This was the end of Maratha power.
4. the East India company set up trading posts in Surat and the Three Presidency settlements at Fort William in Bengal, Fort St. George in Madras and Bombay Castle. They established friendly relations with the local princes to further their profits. The Indian rulers signed alliances to secure the help of English military to settle their internal rivalries. Taking advantage of the situation, the British introduced the policy of divide and rule. As a result the Indian princes became mere puppets in the hands of English.

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