Question

any one send me your notes of some basic concept of chamestry please dont answer others please i want this answer from some one please no sapm and don't answer​

Answer 1

See the attachment

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Answer 2

Atomic Mass

An atom is such small a particle that it cannot be seen or isolated. Therefore, it is impossible to determine the actual mass of a single atom by weighing it. However, Avogadro’s hypothesis finally solved the problem. He took equal volumes of two different gases under similar conditions of temperature and pressure. He then weighed them.

Surprisingly, the ratio of their masses was equal to the ratio of their single molecules. Thus, though the actual masses of the atoms could not be determined, their relative masses could be determined. If the atomic mass of hydrogen is taken as 1, the relative atomic mass of oxygen is 16.

What is Atomic Mass?

Atomic mass of an element is the number of times an atom of that element is heavier than an atom of carbon taken as 12. One atomic mass unit is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon 12 isotope. The atomic mass of an element is the average relative mass of its atoms as compared to an atom of carbon 12 taken as 12.

Fractional abundance of an isotope is the fraction of the total number of atoms that is comprised of that particular isotope. Atomic mass of an element = (Fractional abundance of isotope 1 × mass of isotope 1) + (Fractional abundance of isotope 2 × mass of isotope 2)

Gram Atomic Masses

The atomic masses of elements expressed in grams is their gram atomic masses. For eg: the atomic mass of oxygen is 16 amu.

∴ Gram atomic mass of oxygen = 16 g.

Molecular Mass

The molecular mass of a substance is the number of times the molecule of the substance is heavier than one-twelth the mass of an atom of carbon -12. Or, the molecular mass is equal to the sum of its atomic masses of all the atoms present in one molecule of a substance. For eg: Water (H2O)

Atomic mass of H= 1 unit

Atomic mass of O =16 units

The molecular mass of water = 2 × atomic mass of H+1 × atomic mass of O

= 2 × 1 + 16 × 1

= 18 units

Gram Molecular Mass

The molecular mass of a substance expressed in grams is the gram molecular mass. For eg: Molecular mass of oxygen = 32u

∴ Gram molecular mass of oxygen = 32 g.

How to Find Moles?

How to find moles in the solution is to calculate how many molecules the solution contains. Also, to do this you need to know the volume of the solution and how many solutes has been dissolved in the solution. Furthermore, you also need to know the molar mass of the solute.

Definition of Number of Moles

It refers to a huge number that we use to measure atoms. Moreover, it is equal to the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 that is just about 6.022 × 1023 atoms. Just like the way, it is easier to measure intergalactic (Space) distance in light-years relatively to measure it in inches. Also, it is easier to calculate atoms in a mole than in lakhs and crores.

Besides, one mole of any chemical compound or element is always the identical number. In addition, a mole of hydrogen is equal to a mole of glucose or a mole of uranium. However, their masses are different. Furthermore, they are expressed as ‘mol’.

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