Apocynaceae classification according to bentham and hookers
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Lianas, trees, shrubs or herbs often bearing milky latexLeaves opposite or whorledFlowers pentamerousGynoecium bicarpellary, ovaries distinct in some taxa while stigma connateAndroecium in some taxa adnate to stigma forming a gynostegium, pollen fused to form polliniaFruit variable but a schizocarp of follicle in Asclepidoids
Systematic Position of Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Bicarpellatae
Orders : Gentianales*
*Asclepiadaceae treated as separate family
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Lignosae
Order : Apocynales*
*Asclepiadaceae treated as separate family in the order Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Order : Gentianales*
*Asclepiadaceae treated as separate family
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Rubiales Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Rubiales APG-IV (2016)
Division : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Clade : Lamiids
Order : Gentianales*
*includes Asclepiadaceae
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta
Siphonogama
Subdivision : Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Contortae
*Asclepiadaceae treated as separate family Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsid
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Gentianales
*includes Asclepiadaceae Shipunov (2016)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Asteranae
Order : Gentianales
Suborder : Gentianineae
*includes Asclepiadaceae
Systematic Position of Family in Different Systems of Classifications:
Bentham & Hooker (1862-83)
Class : Dicotyledons
Subclass : Gamopetalae
Series : Bicarpellatae
Orders : Gentianales*
*Asclepiadaceae treated as separate family
Hutchinson (1973)
Phylum : Angiospermae
Subphylum : Dicotyledones
Division : Lignosae
Order : Apocynales*
*Asclepiadaceae treated as separate family in the order Cronquist (1988)
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Asteridae
Order : Gentianales*
*Asclepiadaceae treated as separate family
Thorne & Reveal (2007)
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Rubiales Takhtajan (2009)
Phylum : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Lamiidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Rubiales APG-IV (2016)
Division : Angiosperms
Clade : Eudicots
Clade : Core Eudicots
Clade : Superasterids
Clade : Asterids
Clade : Lamiids
Order : Gentianales*
*includes Asclepiadaceae
Engler & Prantl (1887-1915)
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Embryophyta
Siphonogama
Subdivision : Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledoneae
Subclass : Metachlamydeae
Order : Contortae
*Asclepiadaceae treated as separate family Reveal (2012)
Class : Equisetopsid
Subclass : Magnoliidae
Super Order : Lamianae
Order : Gentianales
*includes Asclepiadaceae Shipunov (2016)
Class : Angiospermae
Subclass : Asteridae
Super Order : Asteranae
Order : Gentianales
Suborder : Gentianineae
*includes Asclepiadaceae
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