Application stem cell therapy in veterinary medicine ettinger
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several veterinary diseases may be treated with the administration of stem cells. This is possible because these cells present a high therapeutic potential and may be injected as autologous or allogenic, freshly isolated, or previously cultured.
Veterinary patients, including companion (dogs, cats, and horses) and farm animals (cows, sheep, goats and pigs), are increasingly recognized as critical translational models of human diseases. Compared to rodents, all are considered large animal models of human disease. It should be noted that this nomenclature regarding companion animals, such as dogs and cats, can be confusing because as veterinary patients these animals are considered “small animal” species (compared to horses, cows and other ruminants). As the focus of this review is in their utility as translational models, dogs and cats will be referred to as large animal models whether they are used in studies as clinical (client-owned) patients or in the research setting.
Although the utility of rodents, particularly genetically altered murine models in the elucidation of pathophysiology and response to therapy for various disease states is profound, naturally occurring pathologies in large animal models caused by single gene defects or due to complex interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors promise to play an important role in the development of clinical advances for a number of serious diseases. For example, some 292 canine, 163 feline, 142 bovine and 109 equine genetic diseases are homologous with human genetic defects,although in some cases the pathophysiology and resulting phenotype of such mutations may be undefined or may vary from that in humans. In addition, the basic biochemical and physiological processes in these large animal models more closely resemble those in humans, compared to rodents.
Veterinary patients, including companion (dogs, cats, and horses) and farm animals (cows, sheep, goats and pigs), are increasingly recognized as critical translational models of human diseases. Compared to rodents, all are considered large animal models of human disease. It should be noted that this nomenclature regarding companion animals, such as dogs and cats, can be confusing because as veterinary patients these animals are considered “small animal” species (compared to horses, cows and other ruminants). As the focus of this review is in their utility as translational models, dogs and cats will be referred to as large animal models whether they are used in studies as clinical (client-owned) patients or in the research setting.
Although the utility of rodents, particularly genetically altered murine models in the elucidation of pathophysiology and response to therapy for various disease states is profound, naturally occurring pathologies in large animal models caused by single gene defects or due to complex interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors promise to play an important role in the development of clinical advances for a number of serious diseases. For example, some 292 canine, 163 feline, 142 bovine and 109 equine genetic diseases are homologous with human genetic defects,although in some cases the pathophysiology and resulting phenotype of such mutations may be undefined or may vary from that in humans. In addition, the basic biochemical and physiological processes in these large animal models more closely resemble those in humans, compared to rodents.
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