Question

Applications of composites: aircraft applications

Answer 1

Although the volumes of fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) used for aircraft applications is a relatively small percentage of total use, the materials often find their most sophisticated applications in this industry. In aerospace the performance criteria placed upon materials can be far greater than in other areas – key aspects are light-weight, high-strength, high-stiffness and good fatigue resistance. Composites were first used by the military before the technology was applied to commercial planes. The first military applications were in radomes and then in secondary structures and internal components. The modulus of glass, however, is low compared with that of metals and so it was not until the introduction of carbon reinforcements that primary composite structures were developed. Nowadays, composites are widely used and this has been the result of a gradual direct substitution of metal components followed by the development of integrated composite designs as confidence in FRPs has increased.

The Airbus 320 uses a range of components made from composites, including the fin and tailplane. This has allowed a weight-saving of 800 kg over its equivalent in aluminium alloy. Composite materials comprise more than 20% of the A380's airframe. Carbon-fibre reinforced polymer and glass-fibre reinforced are used extensively in wings, fuselage sections (such as the undercarriage and rear end of fuselage), tail surfaces, and doors.

Other examples include: Airbus Industries A320 and A380 , Harrier AV-8B, European Fighter Aircraft (EFA), Aircraft propellers, Helicopter Airframes , Helicopter rotor blades and Helicopter rotor hubs. A good case study of the Boeing 787, which is 50% advanced composite materials can be found:

Answer 2

Answer:

Fundamental rights are a group of rights that have been recognized by a high degree of protection from encroachment. These rights are specifically identified in a Constitution, or have been found under Due Process of law. Absolute value is a value compared to - nothing. A relative value is created when two absolute values are compared to each other. The best example I can think of is perfect pitch. ... A person who has relative perfect pitch is able to sing a second note, given a first one and an interval.Nepal measures about 880 kilometers (547 mi) along its Himalayan axis by 150 to 250 kilometers (93 to 155 mi) across. It has an area of 147,181 square kilometers (56,827 sq mi). [1]

Geography of Nepal (नेपाल)ContinentAsiaRegionSouthern Asia

coordinates = 28°00′N 84°00′EAreaRanked 93rd • Total147,181 km2 (56,827 sq mi) • Land92.94% • Water7.06%Coastline0 km (0 mi)BordersTotal land borders:

2,926 km (1,818 mi)

China (PRC):

1,236 km (768 mi)

India:

1,690 km (1,050 mi)Highest pointMount Everest

8,848 m (29,029 ft)Lowest pointMukhiyapatti Musharniya

59 m (194 ft)Longest riverKarnaliLargest lakeRara Lake

Nepal is landlocked by India on three sides and China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the north. West Bengal's narrow Siliguri Corridor or Chicken's Neck separate Nepal and Bangladesh. To the east are India and Bhutan. Nepal depends on India for goods transport facilities and access to the Indian Ocean, even for most goods imported from China