Appropriate story since the begening of human existence people
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Since the beginning of human existence, people (a) __________ over the world have expressed their emotions and ideas (b)...
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Homo erectus emerged after Homo habilis (circa 1 million years ago) and lasted until about 200,000 years ago, at which time Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens were flourishing. "Java man" and "Peking man" were early fossil discoveries of this species, which was apparently widespread. These were the first people to master fire, or so it is believed. Many of their stone tools remain, but of course they cannot be dated as can the bones.
I'm no expert, but I think there were at least a few other species of hominid as well, some of which overlapped with Homo erectus and Homo neaderthalensis. The so-called Denisovans and Homo heidelbergensis would be examples. It's rather sad to consider the diversity that was lost as just one species (ours) evidently out-competed the others and emerged triumphant - but alone.
The attached link leads to my local natural history museum's human origins page, which contains some rather interesting features - such as a reconstruction of a Neanderthal head.History, by definition, involves the analysis of written texts. So history cannot predate writing, which dates from approximately 5400 years ago, during the Bronze Age. Precursors to "true" writing probably date back a couple of thousand years more, in the Neolithic period. But it is obvious that humanity existed long, long before this. There are lots of artifacts in the form of tools, not to mention bones.
I am not sure why you refer to carbon dating as "vague," unless you are trying to make a case for some kind of Young Earth Creationist position.
When you look at artifacts that clearly predate written records, there needs to be some way of estimating just how old they are. Actually, I think there are several ways today (such as tracing changes in the genome, which occur slowly and at a pace that can be estimated).
You should check in with a human origins expert, but I think the usual understanding is that Homo Sapiens (our species) emerged somewhere around 200,000 - 250,000 years ago. Yes, there is some degree of "vagueness" there, but the scale is pretty clear. Homo Neanderthalensis (a species with which we are cross-fertile and some of whose DNA remains in many human populations) probably dates back another 100,000 years or so.
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