Question

are rich in fertile alluvial
soil
.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Alluvial soil is one of the best soils, requiring the least water due to its high porosity. The consistency of alluvial soil ranges from drift sand and rich, loamy soil to silt clays. India is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of alluvial soil, which covers more than 46% of its total land area.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Alluvial Soils

Alluvial soils deposited by the river systems are highly fertile and underlain by extensive aquifers resulting in the development of an extensive groundwater network for irrigation.

Alluvial soil is found in the valleys of the Terai region and in the middle hill valleys around Kathmandu and Pokhara. The valleys lie between the Siwalik and Mahabharat hills which widen out in places to form flat fertile valleys called Dun valleys. New alluvial soil with more sand and silt than clay is being deposited in the flood plain areas along the river courses. Alluvial soil is also found in the higher areas above the flood plain covering a greater part of the Terai. The nutrient content of new alluvial soil is fair to medium depending on how long it has been cultivated. Conversely, the nutrient content of old alluvial soils is very low.

Alluvial soil has the highest productivity with respect to other soils. It is present mostly along rivers and is carried by its streams during weathering of rocks. The soil is generally covered by tall grasses and forests, as well as a number of crops, such as rice, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, maize, cotton, soybean, jute, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, etc. This soil has very soft strata with the lowest proportion of nitrogen and humus but with an adequate amount of phosphate. There is a wide variation in the amount of iron oxide and lime in different regions. Alluvial soil is one of the best soils, requiring the least water due to its high porosity. The consistency of alluvial soil ranges from drift sand and rich, loamy soil to silt clays. India is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of alluvial soil, which covers more than 46% of its total land area. Most alluvial soils are derived from the sediment being deposited by the river Ganga in the Indo–Gangetic plain, ranging from Punjab in the west to West Bengal and Assam in the east, as well as in the coastal areas of northern parts of Gujarat, Narmada, and Tapi valleys, which are formed by sea waves. The alluvial soil found in India, particularly in the Indo–Gangetic plain, is of two types: khaddar (pale brown, sandy clays to loamy, less calcareous and carbonaceous soil, and found in the low areas of valley that are regularly flooded) and older bhangar soils (dark colored, mostly clayey, and containing lime nodules)

The morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of alluvial soils depend greatly on the characteristics of the alluvial parent material in which the soils formed, especially when the soils are young. As alluvial soils develop with time, the other soil-forming factors influence the resulting soil properties.

Recent alluvial soils are often highly stratified, containing layers of alluvium that were deposited successively and/or in fining-upward sequences (Figure 2b). Soils on active floodplains receive deposits of new alluvium with each flooding episode. The amount of alluvium deposited during each event will vary. Small amounts of material deposited on the soil can be barely perceptible and incorporated into the underlying surface horizon rapidly, the rate of which depends on the climate and biota. Larger amounts of new alluvium can completely bury underlying soils.

Because of periodic disturbance by flooding, soils on recent floodplains often develop only A or O horizons, resulting from the near-surface deposition and decomposition of plant material. Subsequent deposition of new alluvium and reinitiation of landform stability and soil formation results in soils containing one or more buried A or O horizons.

Recent alluvial soils typically can have somewhat elevated concentrations of organic carbon at depth. New alluvium is often derived from the eroded A or O horizons of upland and/or upstream soils. In addition, soils with buried A or O horizons clearly demonstrate an irregular decrease in organic carbon with increasing depth