article on need of afforestation
Answers
India is an emerging or developing country whereas the controlling of Carbon emission is very much challenging for the policy makers. The main reason is that India needs much more versatile industries to create jobs for unemployment youths which can directly increase the per capita income and the overall GDP (Gross Domestic Product).
Large industries and power plants need a large area to set up its facilities. In India, deforestation has happened in the past for creating Infrastructure (National Highways, Airports, etc.), Industries (Steel, Power, Fast Moving Consumer Goods – FMCG, Engineering, etc.), Mining (Coal, Minerals, Metals, etc.), Oil and Gas exploration, Thermal Power plants, etc.
Hence, Afforestation is necessary to combat the issues of global warming, soil erosion, pollution, and the maintenance of biodiversity and ecological balances. There are two ways, i.e. afforestation and reforestation, the development of new forest on a non-forest land is called afforestation, but reforestation means the reestablishment of the forest cover by either naturally or artificially (manual planting of trees).Trees useswater and carbon-dioxide (CO2) to convert it intoorganic matter (wood) and oxygen. Thus, trees acts as the natural air-purifiers and helps relieve the environment. Considering the need of afforestation in India, many government, private and NGOs are engaged to create new forests through afforestation method to purify theenvironment, maximize the carbon capture, and control the soil erosion.
The total forest area was 40.48 million hectare in 1950 and then it was increased to 67.47 million hectare forest area in 1980. And finally 69 million hectare area was under forest had been reported in 2006. So massive 70.5% increase of area undercover forests had been seen between the periodsof 1950 to 2006 due to afforestation.In India, 23% of overall land is under forest areas which are grouped into 5 major categories i.e.
1.Subtropical Dry Deciduous (38.2%)
2.Tropical Moist Deciduous (30.3%)
3.Subtropical Thorn (6.7%)
4.Tropical Wet Evergreen forests (5.8%)
5.Other categories (Pine, Temperate and Alpine, Tropical semi evergreen) – 17.5%
A large number of trees are planted during the afforestation process. On one hand, it helps the environment by reducing the CO2 level. On the other hand, the fruit bearing trees becomes the source of food for a large country like India.
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The process of converting a non-forest land into a forest is known as afforestation. In order to maintain the biodiversity, afforestation is highly important.
For the policymakers controlling of carbon emission is a high task as India is a developing country. As India needs growth in GDP and per capita income it needs to create more employment by making more versatile industries. With the development of large industries, it needs much area because of which deforestation occurs. Deforestation refers to the process of cutting down of trees for creating industries, infrastructure, thermal power plants and so forth.
In order to combat pollution, soil erosion, global warming and to maintain ecological and biodiversity balance, afforestation is necessary. This can be combated in two ways reforestation and afforestation. The tress uses carbon dioxide and water to convert into oxygen and wood respectively. It relieves the environment by acting as natural purifiers.