aspects of colonial rule
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at first the britih east india company sought the permission of the local government, but then it grew
income shifted from traed to land revenue (through taxes) but they had to modify the lacal systems to get reliable tax collection
1858 British Crown takes over India
India was now seen as a great investment, but they needed law and order -- army too crude so they set up a new police force (1850s)
they realized thef could not rule soley on the basis of power, so they supported the local princes and allowed them to rule the people
the result: the colonialists prevented Indian capitalism (and hence industrialization) which kept India many years behind
both britian and the colony tried to keep the colonies form industrializing and thereby compeeting with britian
local rulers needed more money so they instituted more local government which entailed more representation -> conflict and repression -> government talking to indian leaders more -> 1886 Indian National Congress
this gave them a much smoother transition to democracy than the other colonies
the INC did get the masses of pesants involved at the end, whihc was important forits later democratic successes
it was not just the INC which got the british to leave -- also WWII
10.2 Seven Features of Colonial Rule
International political dimension
policies of the homeland dominated the colony -- india could not invest in industrialization lest it hurt british industry
virtually all the revenue went into the government (as that’s who the colonistis were) and none back into the people: virtually no land/agriculture development investment
Bureaucratic elitism and authoritarianism
British members of the Indian Civil Service were placed all throughout India to oversee that the interests of Britianwere being observed
Advancement was limited to just the ICS people, and there were only about 1000 in a civil service of several million -- authoritarianism
if any native participation was allowed, it was small asd well watched
Staism
comprehonsive state conroll over the econemy prevented industrialization
Use of ‘traditional’ authority figures
try to find some for legitimacy
if you can’t find any then make some
tricky political alliances
crushing opponents and rewarding assistants
Use of force
always initial take overs followed by times of occasional fighting, but hte european military superiority won out
troops too expensive and crude, so police used in the longrun -- but always kept a large paramilitary force for crushing rebellions
exceedingly violent policing -- very partisan
protected the rich and landed against the poor
"widespread use of state violence nad repression as a central chararteristic of their rule"
Technological advantage
weapons, quinine, telegraph, railroads
small forces could rule large areas
Hegemonic identity
we are benevolent and just, and we are slowly modernizing you
colonial rule is enevitable and you are too weak to oppose it
served to hide the basic contradiction between India not wanting to be colonized and the British
income shifted from traed to land revenue (through taxes) but they had to modify the lacal systems to get reliable tax collection
1858 British Crown takes over India
India was now seen as a great investment, but they needed law and order -- army too crude so they set up a new police force (1850s)
they realized thef could not rule soley on the basis of power, so they supported the local princes and allowed them to rule the people
the result: the colonialists prevented Indian capitalism (and hence industrialization) which kept India many years behind
both britian and the colony tried to keep the colonies form industrializing and thereby compeeting with britian
local rulers needed more money so they instituted more local government which entailed more representation -> conflict and repression -> government talking to indian leaders more -> 1886 Indian National Congress
this gave them a much smoother transition to democracy than the other colonies
the INC did get the masses of pesants involved at the end, whihc was important forits later democratic successes
it was not just the INC which got the british to leave -- also WWII
10.2 Seven Features of Colonial Rule
International political dimension
policies of the homeland dominated the colony -- india could not invest in industrialization lest it hurt british industry
virtually all the revenue went into the government (as that’s who the colonistis were) and none back into the people: virtually no land/agriculture development investment
Bureaucratic elitism and authoritarianism
British members of the Indian Civil Service were placed all throughout India to oversee that the interests of Britianwere being observed
Advancement was limited to just the ICS people, and there were only about 1000 in a civil service of several million -- authoritarianism
if any native participation was allowed, it was small asd well watched
Staism
comprehonsive state conroll over the econemy prevented industrialization
Use of ‘traditional’ authority figures
try to find some for legitimacy
if you can’t find any then make some
tricky political alliances
crushing opponents and rewarding assistants
Use of force
always initial take overs followed by times of occasional fighting, but hte european military superiority won out
troops too expensive and crude, so police used in the longrun -- but always kept a large paramilitary force for crushing rebellions
exceedingly violent policing -- very partisan
protected the rich and landed against the poor
"widespread use of state violence nad repression as a central chararteristic of their rule"
Technological advantage
weapons, quinine, telegraph, railroads
small forces could rule large areas
Hegemonic identity
we are benevolent and just, and we are slowly modernizing you
colonial rule is enevitable and you are too weak to oppose it
served to hide the basic contradiction between India not wanting to be colonized and the British
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