Assuming an equal number of breeding males and females, what is the initial frequency of a new mutation arising on the x chromosome? Assuming neutrality, what is the probability that a new mutation on a diploid chromosome reaches fixation? How might positive selection acting on the new mutation affect the probability that it reaches fixation?
Answers
Answer:
Sin θ = PM/OP and Cos θ = OM/OP …….. (A)
From the above picture, OP is the hypotenuse of the triangle POM; hence, PM ≮ OP and OM ≮ OP.
Therefore, from (A) we get the values of sin θ and cos θ cannot be greater than 1.
Again, csc θ = OP/PM and sec θ = OP/OM
Therefore, it is clearly seen that the values of csc θ and sec θ can never be less than 1.
Finally, tan θ = PM/OM and cot θ = OM/PM
In this case, the values of PM may be greater or less or equal to the values of OM. Thus, the values of tan θ or cot θ may have any non-negative value.
Therefore, the limit of trigonometric ratios of a positive acute angle θ is always non-negative:
(i) The values of sin θ and cos θ cannot be greater than 1;
(ii) The values of csc θ and sec θ cannot be less than 1; andkq is the