At the local level also human actions have heightened the danger of flood through the cutting of trees in the
mountains as well as in the plains. In the case of India, the ecological damage through deforestation of the
Himalayas has led to large-scale erosion of the mountain slopes and high levels of siltation. This leads to
deposition of silt on the riverbeds in the plains and hence spill over of water whenever the volume in the
river reaches a certain level. With siltation on the river beds, flooding occurs even at very shallow water
levels. The vulnerability of the population has increased substantially because of population pressures,
symbolized, for instance, by the stubborn and perhaps helpless settling of slum dwellers on the banks of the
river Yamuna in Delhi, which is merely a trickle most of the year, but bursting its banks during the
monsoons as has been the case this year.
question: Which word the para means same as ‘openess to attack or damage’
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