atom and molecules 5 minute speech
Answers
Answer:
The size of an atom is extremely small, much smaller than our imagination. A layer of an atom as thick as a thin sheet of paper is formed when more than millions of atoms are stacked together. It is impossible to measure the size of an isolated atom because it’s difficult to locate the positions of electrons surrounding the nucleus.
However, the size of an atom can be estimated by assuming that the distance between adjacent atoms is equal to half the radius of an atom. Atomic radius is generally measured in nanometres.
1 m = 109nm
Relative Sizes
Examples Radii (m)
Atom of Hydrogen 10−10m
Molecule of water 10−9m
Molecule of hemoglobin 10−8m
Grain of Sand 10−4m
What are Atoms made of?
An atom is composed of three particles, namely, neutrons, protons and electrons with hydrogen as an exception without neutrons.
Every atom has a nucleus that bounds one or more electrons around it.
The nucleus has typically a similar number of protons and neutrons which are together known as nucleons.
The protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged and neutrons are neutral.
What is Atomic Mass?
It is the mass of an atom in a chemical element. It is roughly equivalent to total neutrons and protons present in the atom. It is expressed in atomic mass units (denoted by u). 1amu is equal to the exactly one-twelfth the mass of 1 atom of C-12 and the relative atomic masses of elements is determined with respect to-12 atom.
Atomic masses of Some Elements
Elements Atomic Mass (u)
Hydrogen 1
Carbon 12
Nitrogen 14
Oxygen 16
Sodium 23
Magnesium 24
Sulfur 32
Chlorine 35.5
Calcium 40
Salient features of Dalton’s Atomic Theory
The matter is composed of minute particles known as atoms.
Atoms are indivisible particles that can’t be destroyed or created through chemical reactions.
All atoms of an element have identical chemical properties and mass whereas, atoms of different elements have different chemical properties and masses.
Atoms combine in a ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.
The matter is anything and everything in our surrounding. It has basic structural and fundamental units. Let us examine the concept of matter with an example. Taking a storybook into consideration and dividing its structure. The book contains many pages, each page consists of paragraphs, and each paragraph has many sentences.
Each sentence will further have many words and each word will have characters. Therefore we have divided a storybook into characters. This is exactly the same case when we take the matter into account. The matter is made up of substances which contain molecules. The molecules, in turn, are made up of groups of atoms.
Atoms in simple terms are defined as the smallest unit of matter. In ancient times the scientists wondered whether the matter could be further divided or not. Around 500 BC the idea of divisibility of matter evolved in India. A scientist named Maharishi Kanad stated that matter can be divided into smaller and smaller units. The smallest unit of matter after which further division was not possible was known as parmanu.
What are Molecules?
A molecule is defined as the smallest unit of a compound that contains the chemical properties of the compound. Molecules are made up of groups of atoms. Describing the structure of an atom, an atom is also sub-divided into smaller units. Proton, electrons, and neutrons are sub-particles of an atom. The protons and neutrons are contained inside the nucleus of the atom and electrons revolve around the nucleus.
Protons are positively charged particles whereas electrons are negatively charged particles. Neutrons do not carry any charge. So we can say that the nucleus is positively charged due to the presence of protons. The nucleus is a bulk mass at the centre of an atom. Atoms are largely vacant.
Every element has a certain atomic number. The atomic number of an element is defined as the number of protons present in its nucleus. It is denoted by Z.
When we talk about the mass of atoms, the mass of its particles is taken into consideration. Electrons have negligible mass. Hence the mass of an atom is the sum of the mass of protons and neutrons. The mass number is denoted by A.
FAQs
1. How do atoms become molecules?
Ans: As atoms come together to form molecules, chemical bonds bind them together. As a consequence of sharing or exchanging electrons between the atoms, these bonds form. It is only the electrons that are ever active in bonding in the outermost shell.
2. What are 5 types of atoms?
Ans: Atoms consist of three groups of smaller particles, called protons (which are charged positively), neutrons (which have no charge) and electrons (which are charged negatively). The protons and neutrons are heavier, so they remain in the core of the nucleus. The nucleus is called them.
3. What is a molecule example?
Ans: A molecule is the smallest particle that has the chemical properties of that element or compound in a chemical element or compound. Molecules consist of atoms that chemical
Answer:
atom is the smallest particle which can not be seen by necked eyes it can be seen with the help of microscope and telescope. in 1 atom there is a nucleus in which the positively charged ions name proton and neutrally charged ions name neuton present. and around the nucleus in the orbit the negatively charged atom name electron are present.