Attacking species in nitration of benzene in presence of fuming hno3 is
Answers
Nitration reaction normally involves an electrophilic reaction where a nitrating mixture is used. This nitrating mixture is formed by a mixture of sulphuric (IV) acid and nitric (V) acid. The attacking species in the nitration of benzene is nitronium ion (NO2+).
This nitration reaction is normally normally very fast after formation nitronium ion. This reaction is typically used in the preparation of nitrobenze and the temperature to be used should be 55 degrees centigrade. Above this temperature polynitration takes place where it can lead to the formation of trinitrobenzene.
The attacking reagents are those species which brings about a change in a chemical reaction. The attacking reagents are classified into three types: Electrophiles/Positively charged or neutral species, which are deficient of electrons and can accept a pair of electrons are called electrophiles.
Nitration is a general class of chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into an organic chemical compound. More loosely the term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters between alcohols and nitric acid, as occurs in the synthesis of nitroglycerin.
The mechanism for nitration of benzene:
Step 1: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion. Step 2: The nitronium ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with benzene to form an arenium ion.
Attacking species in nitration of benzene (c6h6) in presence of fuming hno3 is nitroium (no2+) it attacks the benzene.