Attempt any one question from Q. 11 (a) or Q. 11 (b) : (in about 150-200 words)
Gulliver's Travels
(a) 'Gulliver's Travels' is one of the bitterest satire on mankind.' Discuss.
OR
(a) Bring out the contrast between the Emperor of Lilliput and the King of Brobdingnag.
Three Men in a Boat
(b) "'Three Men in a Boat' is a kind of travelogue." Discuss.
OR
(b) Things do not always seem as simple as they appear. Describe on the basis of your reading the novel 'Three Men in a Boat'.
Answers
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Gulliver’s Travels
(a) 'Gulliver's Travels' is a tale of adventures on the surface level but on a close examination, it is found to be a satire on mankind in general and on English politicians in particular. Swift's object in writing is to 'Vex' the world by exposing the evils, follies and absurdities of human life. A direct condemnation of the follies and faults of human beings is sure to offend the readers. Therefore, Swift resorts to indirect condemnation or indictment of the victims. In part, Swift largely attacks political institutions and politicians of his time. For example—Filmnap, the treasurer, represents Sir Robert Walpole to whom Swift was bitterly opposed. Dancing on the rope symbolizes political intrigues and creeping under stick stands for sycophancy. In part II, the satire becomes more pungent. When Gulliver gives an account of political institutions of England, the King observes that the history of Gulliver's country is only a heap of conspiracies, murders, massacres, etc. His conclusion that the bulk of people in Gulliver's country are the most pernicious race of little odious vermins that ever crawled on the earth. Thus, we see that the book is a bitter satire on mankind.
OR
(a) Like all Lilliputians, the ruler of Lilliput is less than six inches tall. His power and majesty impress Gulliver deeply but to us he appears both laughable and sinister. Because of his tiny size, his belief that he can control Gulliver, seems silly. But his willingness to execute his subjects for minor reasons of politics or hon our gives him a frightening aspect. He is proud of possessing the tallest trees and biggest palace in the kingdom. He is also quite hospitable, spending a fortune on his captive's food. The Emperor is both a satire of the autocratic ruler and a strangely serious portrait of political power. The king of Brobdingnag in contrast to the emperor of Lilliput is the emperor of the land of giants. He seems to be a true intellectual, well-versed in political science among other disciplines. While his wife has an intimate, friendly relationship with the diminutive visitor. The king's relation to Gulliver is limited to serious discussions about the history and institution of Gulliver's native land.
Three Men in a Boat
(b) Though the theme of ‘Three Men in a Boat’ is that whenever one travels, one faces problems. So one must bear them and must not complain. Besides this main theme, ‘Three Men in a Boat’ is a fine travelogue of the themes of that time when it was written. It was actually the original purpose of the book. Originally, it was planned to be a travelogue. But the author gave it a 'different treatment, that is of humor. Everything is written in a light manner. This is a guidebook for a traveler. The narrator describes landmarks and villages such as Hampton Court Palace, Hampton Church, Monkey Island, Magna Carta Island and Marlow. He mentions their historical importance. The most frequent topics are river pastimes such as fishing, boating, punting, towing etc. The main plot of 'Three Men in a Boat' is the boating expedition of three friends, George, Harris and J. himself, the narrator. The author makes it full of various incidents which excite great fun, laughter and humor. The places visited by the three friends are of historical importance. They travel from one place to another and return. What happens to them in this boating expedition on the Thames constitutes the plot of the novel.
OR
(b) Things are indeed not as simple as they seem to be. The three friends decided to make an excursion on the River Thames as they wanted a break from the routine of life. They were nature-lovers and wanted to escape from city life for a few days. But their travel was far from being peaceful. They encountered several problems right from the beginning of their journey. This actually took their minds off from the health issues that they imagined themselves to be suffering from. Each day on the river was wrought with problems which they had to solve bravely. Of course, the situations are very humorous for the reader but may not have been so for them. They were doomed to eat only cold food and wear clothes without laundering. Apart from these, towing the boat was not easy and there was dispute among them about who was doing the most work. From their journey, they learn t the lesson that problems cannot be predicted but must be faced as they come. A cheerful disposition helped them enjoy their journey despite the travails.
(a) 'Gulliver's Travels' is a tale of adventures on the surface level but on a close examination, it is found to be a satire on mankind in general and on English politicians in particular. Swift's object in writing is to 'Vex' the world by exposing the evils, follies and absurdities of human life. A direct condemnation of the follies and faults of human beings is sure to offend the readers. Therefore, Swift resorts to indirect condemnation or indictment of the victims. In part, Swift largely attacks political institutions and politicians of his time. For example—Filmnap, the treasurer, represents Sir Robert Walpole to whom Swift was bitterly opposed. Dancing on the rope symbolizes political intrigues and creeping under stick stands for sycophancy. In part II, the satire becomes more pungent. When Gulliver gives an account of political institutions of England, the King observes that the history of Gulliver's country is only a heap of conspiracies, murders, massacres, etc. His conclusion that the bulk of people in Gulliver's country are the most pernicious race of little odious vermins that ever crawled on the earth. Thus, we see that the book is a bitter satire on mankind.
OR
(a) Like all Lilliputians, the ruler of Lilliput is less than six inches tall. His power and majesty impress Gulliver deeply but to us he appears both laughable and sinister. Because of his tiny size, his belief that he can control Gulliver, seems silly. But his willingness to execute his subjects for minor reasons of politics or hon our gives him a frightening aspect. He is proud of possessing the tallest trees and biggest palace in the kingdom. He is also quite hospitable, spending a fortune on his captive's food. The Emperor is both a satire of the autocratic ruler and a strangely serious portrait of political power. The king of Brobdingnag in contrast to the emperor of Lilliput is the emperor of the land of giants. He seems to be a true intellectual, well-versed in political science among other disciplines. While his wife has an intimate, friendly relationship with the diminutive visitor. The king's relation to Gulliver is limited to serious discussions about the history and institution of Gulliver's native land.
Three Men in a Boat
(b) Though the theme of ‘Three Men in a Boat’ is that whenever one travels, one faces problems. So one must bear them and must not complain. Besides this main theme, ‘Three Men in a Boat’ is a fine travelogue of the themes of that time when it was written. It was actually the original purpose of the book. Originally, it was planned to be a travelogue. But the author gave it a 'different treatment, that is of humor. Everything is written in a light manner. This is a guidebook for a traveler. The narrator describes landmarks and villages such as Hampton Court Palace, Hampton Church, Monkey Island, Magna Carta Island and Marlow. He mentions their historical importance. The most frequent topics are river pastimes such as fishing, boating, punting, towing etc. The main plot of 'Three Men in a Boat' is the boating expedition of three friends, George, Harris and J. himself, the narrator. The author makes it full of various incidents which excite great fun, laughter and humor. The places visited by the three friends are of historical importance. They travel from one place to another and return. What happens to them in this boating expedition on the Thames constitutes the plot of the novel.
OR
(b) Things are indeed not as simple as they seem to be. The three friends decided to make an excursion on the River Thames as they wanted a break from the routine of life. They were nature-lovers and wanted to escape from city life for a few days. But their travel was far from being peaceful. They encountered several problems right from the beginning of their journey. This actually took their minds off from the health issues that they imagined themselves to be suffering from. Each day on the river was wrought with problems which they had to solve bravely. Of course, the situations are very humorous for the reader but may not have been so for them. They were doomed to eat only cold food and wear clothes without laundering. Apart from these, towing the boat was not easy and there was dispute among them about who was doing the most work. From their journey, they learn t the lesson that problems cannot be predicted but must be faced as they come. A cheerful disposition helped them enjoy their journey despite the travails.
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