Question

Attention Users 50 points question
Manufacture of steel in bessemer converter and properties of steel

Answer 1

HEY MATE!....

▪ The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steelfrom molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.

▪The modern process is named after its inventor, the Englishman Henry Bessemer, who took out a patenton the process in 1856.The process was said to be independently discovered in 1851 by the American inventor William Kelly, though there is little to back up this claim.

▪ The process using a basic refractory lining is known as the "basic Bessemer process" or Gilchrist–Thomas process after the English discoverers Percy Gilchrist and Sidney Gilchrist Thomas.

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Answer 2

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✍Your answer⬇⬇⬇⬇

⭐Manufacture of steel in Bessemer Converter⤵

⏩Steel is manufactured from pig iron in a Bessemer converter, which is a pear-shaped furnace lined with silica or lime.

⏩The converter is turned into a horizontal position and molten pig iron is put inside.

⏩Then it is brought to vertical position.

⏩A blast of hot air is passed in.

⏩Impurities such as Manganese, Silicon, Phosphorus and Carbon, combine with oxygen present in air and form products, which are removed as slag or escape as gases.

⏩Carbon monoxide formed by oxidation burns at the mouth of the converter till it is exhausted and the flame dies out.

⏩When all the carbon is completely removed, the requisite amount of carbon is added to convert iron into different varieties of steel (steel is an alloy of iron and carbon).

⏩Reactions taking place in the Bessemer converter
(i) 2Mn + O2 ------> 2MnO
(ii) Si + O2 -------> SiO2
(iii) 2C + O2 -------> 2CO
(iv) Mn + SiO2 -------> MnSiO3(slag)
(v) 4P + 5O2 -------> P4O10
(vi) 2CaO + P2O5 --------> Ca3(PO4)2(slag)

⭐Properties of Steel⤵

⏩Carbon content of Steel is between that of pig iron(cast iron) and wrought iron.

⏩Steel contains 0.10-1.5 percent carbon.

⏩Mild steel contains 0.1-0.4 percent carbon.

⏩Hard steel contains 0.5-1.5 percent carbon.

⏩Quenching=> By this process hard steel can be further hardened by heating it to red hot and then cooling by plunging it into the cold water.

⏩Tamperimg=> By this process quenched steel is reheated and allowed to cool slowly, it becomes elastic and much less brittle.

⏩Annealing=> By this process steel is heated to bright red hot, and is then cooled slowly. Annealed steel is soft.

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