Question

AUG on mRNA codes for ...​

Answer 1

Answer:

amino acid methionine

Figure 1: In mRNA, three-nucleotide units called codons dictate a particular amino acid. For example, AUG codes for the amino acid methionine (beige). The idea of codons was first proposed by Francis Crick and his colleagues in 1961.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

The idea of codons was first proposed by Francis Crick and his colleagues in 1961. During that same year, Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei began deciphering the genetic code, and they determined that the codon UUU specifically represented the amino acid phenylalanine. Following this discovery, Nirenberg, Philip Leder, and Har Gobind Khorana eventually identified the rest of the genetic code and fully described which codons corresponded to which amino acids

Explanation:

Reading the genetic code

Redundancy in the genetic code means that most amino acids are specified by more than one mRNA codon. For example, the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) is specified by the codons UUU and UUC, and the amino acid leucine (Leu) is specified by the codons CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG. Methionine is specified by the codon AUG, which is also known as the start codon. Consequently, methionine is the first amino acid to dock in the ribosome during the synthesis of proteins. Tryptophan is unique because it is the only amino acid specified by a single codon. The remaining 19 amino acids are specified by between two and six codons each. The codons UAA, UAG, and UGA are the stop codons that signal the termination of translation. Figure 2 shows the 64 codon combinations and the amino acids or stop signals they specify.