Question

b.Convert the following:
i) 1,2-dichloroethane to Nitrobenzene . each step or process (hydrocarbons) ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Sodium permanganate, sodium picrate (NaPic), Bu(4)NPic, Me(4)NPic, and Et(4)NPic were extracted at an ionic strength of 2 × 10(-5) to 0.08 mol dm(-3) and 25°C from water (w)-phases into the organic (o)-ones, 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and nitrobenzene (NB). Thereby, apparent distribution constants (K(D,±)) of the anions (A(-)) or the cations (M(+)) and ion-pair formation ones (K(MA)(org)) of the univalent salts (MA) in the o-phases were determined at 25 °C, where K(D,±) = ([A(-)](o)[M(+)](o)/[A(-)][M(+)])(1/2) = (K(D,A)K(D,M))(1/2) and K(MA)(org) = [MA](o)/[M(+)](o)[A(-)](o). Also, the K(ex) and K(D,MA) values with A(-) = Pic(-), MnO(4)(-) were estimated from the relations K(ex) (= [MA](o)/[M(+)][A(-)]) = K(MA)(org)(K(D,±))(2) and = K(MA)K(D,MA), respectively. Standard potentials (Δψ(tr)(0)) for ion transfers at the w/DCE and w/NB interfaces were evaluated from the log K(D,A) or log K(D,M) values by assuming the relations K(D,Pic) = K(D,Et4N) and = K(D,Me4N), respectively. The thus-obtained Δψ(tr)(0) values, especially for the w/DCE system, were in good agreement with the values based on the extra-thermodynamic assumption for Ph(4)As(+) and BPh(4)(-) transfers at the interfaces. In the present extraction systems, the ion-pair formation of MA in the w- and o-phases was less effective in the determination of their distribution constants into the two o-phases.