(b) Explain the parts of the eye. Support your answer with a diagram.
Answers
The eye has many parts that must work together to produce clear vision: The sclera, or white part of the eye, protects the eyeball. The pupil, or black dot at the centre of the eye, is an opening through which light can enter the eye. The iris, or coloured part of the eye, surrounds the pupil.
Explanation:
The parts of the eye that are visible externally include the following:-
>>Sclera: It is a white visible portion. It is made up of dense connective tissue and protects the inner parts.
>>Conjunctiva: It lines the sclera and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. It keeps our eyes moist and clear and provides lubrication by secreting mucus and tears.
>>Cornea: It is the transparent, anterior or front part of our eye, which covers the pupil and the iris. The main function is to refract the light along with the lens.
>>Iris: It is the pigmented, coloured portion of the eye, visible externally. The main function of the iris is to control the diameter of the pupil according to the light source.
>>Pupil: It is the small aperture located in the centre of the Iris. It allows light to enter and focus on the retina.
The Internal Structure of an Eye
The internal components of an eye are:
••>>Lens: It is a transparent, biconvex, lens of an eye. The lens is attached to the ciliary body by ligaments. The lens along with cornea refracts light so that it focuses on the retina.
••>>Retina: It is the innermost layer of the eye. It is light sensitive and acts as a film of a camera. Three layers of neural cells are present in them, they are ganglion, bipolar and photoreceptor cells. It converts the image into electrical nerve impulses for the visual perception by the brain.
••>>Optic nerve: It is located at the posterior portion of the eyes. The optic nerves carry all the nerve impulses from the retina to the human brain for perception.
••>>Aqueous Humour: It is a watery fluid present between the cornea and the lens. It nourishes the eye and keeps it inflated.
••>>Vitreous Humour: it is a transparent, jelly-like substance present between the lens and the retina. It contains water (99%), collage, proteins, etc. The main function of vitreous humour is to protect eyes and maintain its spherical shape.
