Question

b. Give examples of organisms that reproduce by fragmentation?
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Answer 1

Answer

Molds , lichens

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Answer 2

• Fragmentation as a method of reproduction is seen in organisms such as filamentous cyanobacertia, molds, lichens, sponges, acoel flatworms, some annelid worms and sea stars.
• Fragmentation in multicellular or colonial organisms is form of asexual reproduction or cloning, where an organism is split into fragments.
• The organism may develop specific organs or zones to shed or be easily broken off.
• Molds, yeasts and mushrooms, all of which are part of the Fungi kingdom, produce tiny filaments called hyphae.
• These hyphae obtain food and nutrients from the body of other organisms to grow and fertilize.
• Many lichens produced specialized structures that can easily break away and disperse. These structures contain both hyphae of the mycobiont and the algae.
• Large fragments of the thallus may break away when the lichen dries or due to mechanical disturbances.