b) What are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population?
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Speciation is the process in which one or more species arise from previously existing species. A single species may give rise to a new species or two different species may give rise to a new species. By the folling ways the traits can be increased in the population which in turn leads to speciation.
GENETIC DRIFT:-When the frequency of some genes gets changed in a small population due to some accidental reasons, such phenomenon is known as Genetic Drift. Genetic drift can give rise to different changes in sub-populations. It is random and rarely produces adaptations to the environment.
NATURAL SELECTION:- It may be defined as a process that results in the increased
survival and reproductive success of individuals, who are well adjusted to the
environment. Theory of natural selection was given by Charles Robert Darwin
Geographic isolation refers to a situation where a species, or a population of a species, becomes separated by a physical barrier (a lake, ocean, mountains, etc.), allowing each group to diverge along separate evolutionary paths.
The effect of geographic isolation is that the two populations are subjected to different selection pressures, since the conditions in the two areas will be different. So different alleles will be selected for, and genetic differences will gradually accumulate between, the populations.
In time, enough genetic differences will occur so that the two populations will no longer interbreed. Then, by definition, they have become different species.
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GENETIC DRIFT:-When the frequency of some genes gets changed in a small population due to some accidental reasons, such phenomenon is known as Genetic Drift. Genetic drift can give rise to different changes in sub-populations. It is random and rarely produces adaptations to the environment.
NATURAL SELECTION:- It may be defined as a process that results in the increased
survival and reproductive success of individuals, who are well adjusted to the
environment. Theory of natural selection was given by Charles Robert Darwin
Geographic isolation refers to a situation where a species, or a population of a species, becomes separated by a physical barrier (a lake, ocean, mountains, etc.), allowing each group to diverge along separate evolutionary paths.
The effect of geographic isolation is that the two populations are subjected to different selection pressures, since the conditions in the two areas will be different. So different alleles will be selected for, and genetic differences will gradually accumulate between, the populations.
In time, enough genetic differences will occur so that the two populations will no longer interbreed. Then, by definition, they have become different species.
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An individual trait may increase in a population in the following two ways:-
1. The trait is beneficial to the population: if a trait is beneficial to a population, it will increase naturally. For example green color in beetles is favorable as it helps them in camouflage against the predators.
2. By accident: if a population faces an accident such that majority of its members get killed, the remaining members will pass on their traits to the subsequent generations. This will lead to an increase of the trait in the population.
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