basis of write
How many types of diseases are
cause of infection &
three parts of differences
both
the types
Answers
An infection occurs when a microorganism enters a person’s body and causes harm.
The microorganism uses that person’s body to sustain itself, reproduce, and colonize. These infectious microscopic organisms are known as pathogens, and they can multiply quickly. Examples of pathogens include:
bacteria
viruses
fungi
They can spread in several different ways, including through:
skin contact
the transfer of bodily fluids
contact with feces
ingesting contaminated food or water
inhaling airborne particles or droplets
touching an object that a person carrying the pathogen has also touched
Infection can spread in a variety of ways.
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are different types of pathogens. They vary in several ways, including:
size
shape
function
genetic content
how they act on the body
For example, viruses are smaller than bacteria. They enter a host and take over cells, whereas bacteria can survive without a host.
Treatment will depend on the cause of the infection.
This article will focus on the most common and deadly types of infection: bacterial, viral, fungal, and prion.
Viral infections
Viral infections occur due to infection with a virus.
Millions of different viruses may exist, but researchers have only identified about 5,000 types to date.
Viruses contain a small piece of genetic code, and a coat of protein and lipid (fat) molecules protects them.
Viruses invade a host and attach themselves to a cell.
As they enter the cell, they release their genetic material.
This material forces the cell to replicate the virus, and the virus multiplies.
When the cell dies, it releases new viruses, which infect new cells.
Viral infections include:
the common cold, which mainly occurs due to rhinovirus, coronavirus, and adenovirus
encephalitis and meningitis, resulting from enteroviruses and the herpessimplex virus (HSV), as well as West Nile Virus
warts and skin infections, for which HPV and HSV are responsible
gastroenteritis, which norovirus causes
COVID-19, a respiratory disease that develops after a novel coronavirus infection that is currently causing a global pandemic
Other viral conditions include:
Zika virus
HIV
hepatitis C
polio
influenza (flu), including H1N1 swine flu
Dengue fever
Ebola
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV)
Bacterial infections
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms, also known as prokaryotes.
Experts estimate that there are at least 1 nonillion bacteria on Earth.
A nonillion is a 1 followed by 30 zeros.
Much of the Earth’s biomass comprises bacteria.
Bacteria take three main shapes:
Spherical: These are known as cocci.
Rod-shaped: These have the name bacilli.
Spiral: Coiled bacteria are known as spirilla. If the coil of a spirillum is particularly tight, scientists call it a spirochete.
Some “good” bacteria attack “bad” bacteria and prevent them from causing sickness. However, some bacterial diseases can be deadly.
These include:
cholera
diphtheria
dysentery
bubonic plague
tuberculosis
typhoid
typhus
Some examples of bacterial infections are:-
bacterial meningitis
otitis media
pneumonia
tuberculosis
upper respiratory tract infection (although this is usually viral)
gastritis
food poisoning
eye infections
sinusitis (again, more often viral)
urinary tract infections (UTIs)
skin infections
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
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