because of what are diseases like dysentery and malaria are caused?
question of class 8th,
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ch. 2 of NCERT class 8th
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Malaria, hepatitis, elephantiasis, dengue- Hepatitis is the odd one out because it is a type of viral infection while the rest of ...
Dysentery is an infectious disease associated with with severe diarrhea.
In the United States, signs and symptoms are normally mild and usually disappear within a few days. Most people will not seek medical attention.
If a person seeks medical help for dysentery in the U.S., however, the authorities must be informed. It is a notifiable disease.
Each year worldwide, there are between 120 million and 165 million cases of Shigella infection, of which 1 million are fatal. Over 60 percent of these fatalities are children under 5 years old in developing countries.
Treatment
Laboratory results will reveal whether the infection is due to Shigella or Entamoeba histolyca infection.
If treatment is necessary, it will depend on these results.
However, any patient with diarrhea or vomiting should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
If they are unable to drink, or if diarrhea and vomiting are profuse, intravenous (IV) fluid replacement may be necessary. The patient will be placed on a drip and monitored.
Treatment for mild bacillary dysentery
Mild bacillary dysentery, the kind commonly found in developed countries with good sanitation, will normally resolve without treatment.
However, the patient should drink plenty of fluids.
In more severe cases, antibiotic drugs are available.
Treatment for amoebic dysentery
Amoebicidal medications are used to treat Entamoeba histolyca. These will ensure that the amoeba does not survive inside the body after symptoms have resolved.
Flagyl, or metronidazole, is often used to treat dysentery. It treats both bacteria and parasites.
If lab results are unclear, the patient may be given a combination of antibiotic and amoebicidal medications, depending on how severe their symptoms are.
Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. People who have malaria usually feel very sick, with a high fever and shaking chills. Each year, approximately 210 million people are infected with malaria, and about 440,000 people die from the disease. Most of the people who die from the disease are young children in Africa.
While the disease is uncommon in temperate climates, malaria is still common in tropical and subtropical countries. World health officials are trying to reduce the incidence of malaria by distributing bed nets to help protect people from mosquito bites as they sleep. Scientists around the world are working to develop a vaccine to prevent malaria.
If you're traveling to locations where malaria is common, take steps to prevent mosquito bites by wearing protective clothing, using insect repellants and sleeping under treated mosquito nets. Depending on the area you are visiting and your individual risk factors for infection, you may also want to take preventive medicine before, during and after your trip. Many malaria parasites are now resistant to the most common drugs used to treat the disease.
Causes
Malaria transmission cycle
Malaria is caused by a type of microscopic parasite. The parasite is transmitted to humans most commonly through mosquito bites.
Uninfected mosquito. A mosquito becomes infected by feeding on a person who has malaria.
Transmission of parasite. If this mosquito bites you in the future, it can transmit malaria parasites to you.
In the liver. Once the parasites enter your body, they travel to your liver — where some types can lie dormant for as long as a year.
Into the bloodstream. When the parasites mature, they leave the liver and infect your red blood cells. This is when people typically develop malaria symptoms.
On to the next person. If an uninfected mosquito bites you at this point in the cycle, it will become infected with your malaria parasites and can spread them to the other people it bites.
Other modes of transmission
Because the parasites that cause malaria affect red blood cells, people can also catch malaria from exposure to infected blood, including:
From mother to unborn child
Through blood transfusions
By sharing needles used to inject drugs
Risk factors
The biggest risk factor for developing malaria is to live in or to visit areas where the disease is common. There are many different varieties of malaria parasites. The variety that causes the most serious complications is most commonly found in:
African countries south of the Sahara Desert
The Asian subcontinent
New Guinea, the Dominican Republic and Haiti
Risks of more-severe disease
People at increased risk of serious disease include:
Young children and infants
Older adults
Travelers coming from areas with no malaria
Pregnant women and their unborn children