belifes and practices of hrrapan civilization
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Religious beliefs and practices of Harappans civilization:
The wealthy Harappan society was deeply religious. In the absence of any shrine, altar or god statue, we need only use religious seals and figurines to get an idea of our religious beliefs. We power features about their faith from these available sources:
- Disposal of Dead
- Practice of yoga
- Worship of male God worship of plants and animal
- Worship of stones or other objects
- Worship of water and Sun fire
- Worship of the mother Goddesses
Goddess Mother’s Worship: The worship of Mother Goddess was one of the fundamental components of the Harappan religion. Several Terracotta figures have been taken from the ruins in various positions. The statues of mother Goddess are meant to be. Most of the pictures show saree, collar and waistbands. One of Harappa's unusual sheaves shows a woman standing upside down with extended legs and the womb of her vine. The Goddesses of fertility or plant goddess, according to scholars is what she symbolizes it. In another seal we see a woman with upright arms, a man with a sword standing before him. This position leads the historians to believe that among the Harappans other kinds of sacrifices prevailed. Besides the earthly images of women being pregnant, women with children are ample proof of Mother Divine worship, as the source of creation and energy was believed to be.
Male God’s Worship: The second element of the Harappan faith was the adoration of man's God. We find in one specific seal a man who meditates with a headgear adorned with Buffalo horns and is surrounded by animals. It describes to some degree the later idea of Pashupatin, the master of animals. The pictures of bulls or oxen on the Harappan seals often indicate that they implicitly worshiped Shiva.
Worship of Plants and Animals: The worship of animals was another of Harappan's attributes. Adoration was quite prevalent of local light animal elephants, rhinoceroses, tigers and bulls. The adoration of Naga or Serpent worship and the adoration of Bull were common. The bull is often connected to Lord Shiva. But there is a very noticeable lack of cow on the seals. The later Hindu tradition of Gods and Goddess Vahanas mainly originated from the Harappan’s faith. In addition to Shakti and Shiva in both symbolic and human ways, the people of Harappa observed the adoration custom of stones, trees and animals because they believed that they were the dwelling place for different spirits, either good or bad. Pictures of trees on the screens, often born animals or human beings below the poles, are clearly indicative of the worship of a tree by the lord between two branches of a Pipal tree. There are a few references to neem and banyan tree worship
Worship of Stones/Other Objects: The worship of linga stones and yoni who sources of potency power were another peculiarity of the religious belief of Harappans. On a seal symbols of the Shiva and the Shakti, and a piece of terracotta from Kalibagan displays images from Linga and Yoni.
Worship of Water and Sun Fire: The remains of Lothal, Banwali, and Kalibagan, are a clear indication of the Harappans’ fire worship practice. A number of altars of fire reinforce the idea of the Holy Fire light. Historians believe that these symbols most likely represent Sun worship in the region from its symbols of Swastik and Chakra.
Practice of Yoga: Yoga practice had a significant place in Harappans beliefs and practices. Many of Terracotta figures show people in different yogic poses or asanas. For physical exercise and as religious rites they practiced yoga
Disposal of the Dead: The inhabitants of Harappan culture used different methods of disposing of the dead. Burning the corpse was the traditional way of disposing the dead body. The second method was that the dead be left to birds and animals in the dense jungles or other inaccessible areas. The bones were subsequently collected. The body was buried by the third method. The lack of a Mohenjo Daro cemetery and large Harappa funeral show that uniform funeral rites were not observed everywhere. But the burning process was more common. The Ashes were stored in jars, often placed at the urns and other times unburnt bones. In a grave were places Earthen pots with food grains and in some cases, ornaments were along with buried the body. A thorough analysis of Harappan religious practices and beliefs shows a number of beliefs and practices with similarities to the current Hindu faith.
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