Question

benzene is more easily nitrated than nitro benzene while toluen is more easily nitrated than benzene..give reason???

Answer 1

electrophilic substitution reaction rate is increases when election donating group attached to benzene.

electrophile needs electron reach Centre

more electron reach rate of reaction increases .

so

-CH3 is electron realising group so rate of reaction is more

-NO2 electron with drawing gp I decreases electron density from ring so less reactive towards ESR.

TOULENE> BENZENE >NITRO BENZE