Question

biography of shivaji​

Answer 1

Shivaji Bhonsle I (Marathi [ʃiʋaˑɟiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; c. 1627/1630 – 3 April 1680[3]) was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned as the chhatrapati (monarch) of his realm at Raigad.

Shivaji I

Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire

Shivaji Rijksmuseum.jpg

Shivaji's portrait (1680s) in the Rijksmuseum

Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg 1st Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire

Reign

1674–1680 CE

Coronation

6 June 1674

Successor

Sambhaji

Born

c. April 1627 or 19 February 1630

Shivneri Fort, Shivneri, Ahmadnagar Sultanate (present-day Maharashtra, India)

Died

3 April 1680 (aged 50–53)

Raigad Fort, Raigad, Maratha Empire (present-day Maharashtra, India)

Spouse

Saibai Nimbalkar

Soyarabai Mohite

Putalabai Palkar

Sakvarbai Gaikwad

Kashibai Jadhav[1]

Issue

Sakhubai Nimbalkar[2]

Ranubai Jadhav

Ambikabai Mahadik

Sambhaji

Rajaram

Rajkumaribai Shirke

House

Bhonsle

Father

Shahaji Bhonsle

Mother

Jijabai

Religion

Hinduism

Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, Sultanate of Golkonda, and Sultanate of Bijapur, as well as European colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with well-structured administrative organisations. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions and court conventions and promoted the usage of Marathi and Sanskrit, rather than Persian, in court and administration.

Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time but he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many elevated him as a proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus.[4] Particularly in Maharashtra, debates over his history and role have engendered great passion and sometimes even violence as disparate groups have sought to characterise him and his legacy.