Biological consequence of complement activation
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Biological Consequences of Complement Activation
Opsonization. The complement split products coat pathogenic surfaces to mark them for destruction. Destruction can occur directly by macrophages and neutrophils, or by transport to spleen macrophages via RBCs.
Direct killing. The formation of functional MAC on cell surfaces causes cell lysis.
Inflammation. Anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) increase vascular permeability, allowing influx of cells into damaged tissue.
Opsonization, direct killing, and inflammation are all consequences of the innate system.
Removal of necrotic and apoptotic cells. C3b deposits on dying cells, signaling rapid clearance by phagocytic cells (neutrophils). Once a cell is dead, it can no longer be protected from opsonization.
Removal of necrotic and apoptotic cells is the consequence of a good housekeeping system.
Clearance of immune complexes. C3b deposits on antibody-antigen complexes and causes their dissociation and clearance.
Neutralization of viral infection. Complement on antibody-antigen complexes forms a thick coat, thus blocking viral entry into cells.
Enhancement of B-cells. During an infection, B-cells are activated by binding of C3b to complement receptors.
Clearance of immune complexes, neutralization of viral infection, and enhancement of B-cells are all consequences of the acquired system.
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Opsonization. The complement split products coat pathogenic surfaces to mark them for destruction. Destruction can occur directly by macrophages and neutrophils, or by transport to spleen macrophages via RBCs.
Direct killing. The formation of functional MAC on cell surfaces causes cell lysis.
Inflammation. Anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) increase vascular permeability, allowing influx of cells into damaged tissue.
Opsonization, direct killing, and inflammation are all consequences of the innate system.
Removal of necrotic and apoptotic cells. C3b deposits on dying cells, signaling rapid clearance by phagocytic cells (neutrophils). Once a cell is dead, it can no longer be protected from opsonization.
Removal of necrotic and apoptotic cells is the consequence of a good housekeeping system.
Clearance of immune complexes. C3b deposits on antibody-antigen complexes and causes their dissociation and clearance.
Neutralization of viral infection. Complement on antibody-antigen complexes forms a thick coat, thus blocking viral entry into cells.
Enhancement of B-cells. During an infection, B-cells are activated by binding of C3b to complement receptors.
Clearance of immune complexes, neutralization of viral infection, and enhancement of B-cells are all consequences of the acquired system.
plz like if you fond helpful
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